Novel quantum dots and perovskites for next-generation photovoltaics

Abstract

The current rise in carbon emissions due to the fossil fuel consumption has reached the level of severe climate changes. Therefore, exploration of alternative energy harvesting technology is urgently needed. Solar energy harvesting is the most suitable option as the source is abundant. This work focuses on solar energy harvesting to produce electricity – photovoltaics. Despite tremendous growth and commercialisation of silicon solar cells since the advent of photovoltaics, the fabrication of solar cells is still expensive compared to the fossil fuel electricity. Emerging 3rd generation solar cells aim to provide inexpensive and ecofriendly photovoltaics.

In this regards, research presented in this thesis focuses on exploring novel nanomaterials and perovskites that contribute towards 3rd generation solar cell research. In particular performance enhanced of hybrid organic-inorganic halide perovskites namely formamidinium lead iodide (FAPI) solar cell which holds current record for highest efficiency, almost comparable to silicon solar cells. Performance enhancement for FAPI solar cells is achieved by incorporating molybdenum disulphide (MoS2) quantum dots in novel type-I architecture. Although stability lifetime of FAPI is a major challenge currently. Another perovskite, which possesses greater stability and less toxicity is also explored, namely methylammonium lead iodide (MABI) which has demonstrated stability for over 11 weeks. Additionally, the quantum dots (QDs) in the scope of solar cells are also explored. In particular copper (II) oxide QDs and bismuth-based QDs synthesised atmospheric pressure plasma (APP) processes, which are substantially low-cost process compared to technologies used in photovoltaic industry currently. The proof of concept of the QDs solar cells where QDs are synthesised via APP is also discussed.

Date of Award	Feb 2024
Original language	English
Sponsors	Vice Chancellor's Research Scholarship (VCRS)
Supervisor	Paul Maguire (Supervisor) & Davide Mariotti (Supervisor)