Abstract
Background:High numbers of individuals with autism traits are attending specialist gender services in Northern Ireland (N.I). The GIFTS (Gender Identity- Finding and Transforming Services) study examined the autism trait prevalence, mental health needs, care pathways and lived experiences of treatment seeking adolescents and adults.
Methods:
GIFTS was a mixed methods study, using cross-sectional survey methodology, in depth interviews and pathways to care methodology to examine the lived experiences of individuals with gender dysphoria. While primarily focused on treatment seeking people, GIFTS also contained a small community sample outside specialist gender services.
Results:
Combined autism screening tools highlighted an autism trait prevalence of 17.2%. Over 50% of participants presented with high risk of suicidality, anxiety and previous experiences of multiple childhood traumatic events. There was a statistically significant difference between individuals with autism traits and other participants related to anxiety, depression and childhood trauma. Autism traits were associated with poorer mental health. Individuals with autism traits requested treatments like other participants. Interview date highlighted impression management and camouflaging strategies used by participants when they present to services. There was significant mistrust in services. The experience of gender services was dependent on an “an authentic presentation” and this was more challenging for non-binary individuals. Referral prior to lengthy waiting lists was a significant factor in the service experience of participants.
Conclusions:
GIFTS was the first ever study examining the needs of individuals living with gender related distress and autism traits in N.I. Many individuals with autism traits attending gender services are likely to have autism traits. Future planning for service delivery should incorporate strategies and environmental changes, which facilitate engagement for those with social communication difficulties. The needs of non-binary individuals have to be considered carefully in view of their marginalization in clinical services and in the wider society.
Thesis is embargoed until 31st July 2022
| Date of Award | Jul 2020 |
|---|---|
| Original language | English |
| Sponsors | Public Health Agency Northern Ireland |
| Supervisor | Michael Rosato (Supervisor), Gerard Leavey (Supervisor) & Hugh Mc Kenna (Supervisor) |
Keywords
- public health
- ageing
- Northern Ireland
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