Variations in guidance, policy, and scope of practice for radiographers in interventional radiology and cardiology: An international survey of professional body representatives in Europe

Introduction Interventional radiology (IR) and interventional cardiology (IC) are increasingly central to modern healthcare delivery. Radiographers play a key role in these procedures, particularly in radiation safety and procedural support. However, regulation and formal guidance concerning their roles remain inconsistent across countries. This study explored how professional bodies, and national societies define and support radiographer practice in IR and IC. Methods A cross-sectional descriptive survey was distributed to representatives of radiographer professional bodies and societies across Europe using purposive sampling. The 11-item online questionnaire was piloted and disseminated via SurveyMonkey®, with promotion through social media, conferences, and the European Federation of Radiographer Societies (EFRS). Data were analysed using SPSS (v27), with descriptive statistics and cross-country comparisons. Results Responses from 36 society representatives across ten countries revealed substantial variation in whether IR and IC are formally recognised as radiographic specialisations, the skills expected at graduation, and support for advanced practice roles. While basic IR skills were widely endorsed, roles such as cannulation, consent, and drug administration were inconsistently reported. Only three respondents confirmed the publication of national guidance documents for radiographers in IR and IC. Notably, discrepancies within individual countries, particularly Ireland, Portugal, and the UK, highlight internal communication gaps between the societies, its representatives and general members. Conclusion The findings indicate significant gaps and inconsistencies in the regulation, training expectations, and scope of radiographer practice in IR and IC. These disparities have implications for patient safety, workforce development, and professional mobility across borders. Implications for practice Harmonised guidance from national societies and European bodies is needed to support radiographer competency, reduce training inequities, and enable safe and consistent IR and IC service delivery.