Typologies of Response to Adversities Questionnaire (TRAQ): A novel measure to capture the resilience process in young people

Grace W.K. Ho  Ho; Daniel Bressington; Thanos Karatzias; Philip Hyland; M Shevlin

doi:10.1080/10888691.2026.2703627

Typologies of Response to Adversities Questionnaire (TRAQ): A novel measure to capture the resilience process in young people

Grace W.K. Ho Ho
, Daniel Bressington
, Thanos Karatzias
, Philip Hyland
, M Shevlin

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

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Abstract

According to the Youth Resilience Process Model (Y-RPM), resilience involves being aware of how one is responding to adversity for immediate self-preservation. This study developed and validated the Typologies of Response to Adversities Questionnaire (TRAQ) to capture expressions of four typologies of initial response to adversities – Boast and Undermine, Evade and Disengage, Ruminate and Obsess, and Conform and Please – in young people. In Phase 1, TRAQ items corresponding to the four patterns of initial responses were compiled using Delphi technique. In Phase 2, the psychometric properties of the 20-item TRAQ were tested in a sample of 2,154 youths. Confirmatory factory analysis found the 4-factor correlated model provided the best representation of the latent structure of the TRAQ in the present sample. Findings suggest the TRAQ is a valid and reliable instrument that can be used as an intervention tool to promote youth resilience across community and clinical settings.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	1-10
Number of pages	10
Journal	Applied Developmental Science
Early online date	10 Jul 2026
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1080/10888691.2026.2703627
Publication status	Published online - 10 Jul 2026

Bibliographical note

Publisher Copyright:
© 2026 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.

Rights Retention Statement

This Author Accepted Manuscript has been made open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International licence (CC BY 4.0) under the terms of Ulster University Rights Retention Policy for Scholarly Works. To view a copy of this licence, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

Data Availability Statement

Data is available from corresponding author upon reasonable request.

Funding

This work was supported by The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Departmental General Research Fund under Grant P0013999.

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

SDG 3 Good Health and Well-being

Keywords

Resilience
Stress Response
Youths
Instrument development
Psychometric evaluation

Access to Document

10.1080/10888691.2026.2703627

GRACE_HO_paperAuthor Accepted Manuscript, 378 KBLicence: CC BY

Cite this

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title = "Typologies of Response to Adversities Questionnaire (TRAQ): A novel measure to capture the resilience process in young people",

abstract = "According to the Youth Resilience Process Model (Y-RPM), resilience involves being aware of how one is responding to adversity for immediate self-preservation. This study developed and validated the Typologies of Response to Adversities Questionnaire (TRAQ) to capture expressions of four typologies of initial response to adversities – Boast and Undermine, Evade and Disengage, Ruminate and Obsess, and Conform and Please – in young people. In Phase 1, TRAQ items corresponding to the four patterns of initial responses were compiled using Delphi technique. In Phase 2, the psychometric properties of the 20-item TRAQ were tested in a sample of 2,154 youths. Confirmatory factory analysis found the 4-factor correlated model provided the best representation of the latent structure of the TRAQ in the present sample. Findings suggest the TRAQ is a valid and reliable instrument that can be used as an intervention tool to promote youth resilience across community and clinical settings.",

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AU - Karatzias, Thanos

AU - Hyland, Philip

AU - Shevlin, M

PY - 2026/7/10

Y1 - 2026/7/10

N2 - According to the Youth Resilience Process Model (Y-RPM), resilience involves being aware of how one is responding to adversity for immediate self-preservation. This study developed and validated the Typologies of Response to Adversities Questionnaire (TRAQ) to capture expressions of four typologies of initial response to adversities – Boast and Undermine, Evade and Disengage, Ruminate and Obsess, and Conform and Please – in young people. In Phase 1, TRAQ items corresponding to the four patterns of initial responses were compiled using Delphi technique. In Phase 2, the psychometric properties of the 20-item TRAQ were tested in a sample of 2,154 youths. Confirmatory factory analysis found the 4-factor correlated model provided the best representation of the latent structure of the TRAQ in the present sample. Findings suggest the TRAQ is a valid and reliable instrument that can be used as an intervention tool to promote youth resilience across community and clinical settings.

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KW - Youths

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KW - Psychometric evaluation

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ER -

Typologies of Response to Adversities Questionnaire (TRAQ): A novel measure to capture the resilience process in young people

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Rights Retention Statement

Data Availability Statement

Funding

UN SDGs

Keywords

Access to Document

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Cite this