@article{3263af460c284e9e9ed4199dbe896d93,
title = "The psychological influences on participation in Wheelchair Rugby: a social relational model of disability",
abstract = "Sport and exercise psychology research in disability sport seldom engages with social models of disability. As a result, the socio-historical landscape of disability is underrepresented in sport psychology research. The aim of this study is to interpret influences on participation in disability sport through the conceptual lens of the social relational model (SRM) of disability (Thomas, 1999, 2004, 2007). Ten Irish adult male athletes with physical disabilities participated in semi-structured interviews exploring the barriers and facilitators that influence participation in Wheelchair Rugby. Deductive thematic analysis produced four themes influenced by the social relational model: impairment effects; societal attitudes and discourse; opportunities and access; and psychological well-being. Links were made to the experience of embodied impairment, classification, oppression, inequality, media, independence, and self-efficacy. The analysis illustrates how cultural constructions of disability are inextricably linked to individual influences on participation in Wheelchair Rugby. The results indicate that in disability sport participation, the experience of social oppression, inequality and cultural stereotypes of disability can be synonymous with the personal experience of physical impairment. The implication of this research is that there is a value in sport and exercise psychology practitioners utilising the social relational model as a tool to conceptualise the lived experience of physical disability.",
keywords = "disability studies, spinal cord injury, disability sport, psycho-emotional oppression, para-sport",
author = "Damian Haslett and Ben Fitzpatrick and Gavin Breslin",
note = "Reference text: Ajzen, I., & Madden, T. J. (1986). Prediction of goal-directed behavior: Attitudes, intentions, and perceived behavioral control. Journal of experimental social psychology, 22(5), 453–474. Altmann, V. C., Hart, A. L., van Limbeek, J., & Vanlandewijck, Y. C. (2014). Improvement of the classification system for wheelchair rugby: athlete priorities. Adapted physical activity quarterly, 31(4), 377–389. Arnold, R., Fletcher, D., & Daniels, K. (2016). Organisational stressors, coping, and outcomes in competitive sport. Journal of sports sciences, pp. 1–10. Bandura, A. (1986). Social foundations of thought and action: A social cognitive theory. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, Inc. 617 p. Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative research in psychology, 3(2), 77–101. Brittain, I. (2016). The Paralympic Games Explained. New York: Routledge. Bury, M. (2001). Illness narratives: fact or fiction? Sociology of health & illness, 23(3), 263–285. DCAL (2015). Experience of sport and physical activity by adults in Northern Ireland. Continuous Household Survey Northern Ireland. Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2000). The “what” and “why” of goal pursuits: Human needs and the self-determination of behavior. Psychological inquiry, 11(4), 227–268. Goodley, D. (2013). Dis/entangling critical disability studies. Disability & Society, 28(5), 631–644. Goodwin, D., Johnston, K., Gustafson, P., Elliott, M., Thurmeier, R., & Kuttai, H. (2009). It{\textquoteright}s okay to be a quad: Wheelchair rugby players{\textquoteright} sense of community. Adapted physical activity quarterly, 26(2), 102–117. Jaarsma, E. A., Dekker, R., Geertzen, J. H., & Dijkstra, P. U. (2016). Sports participation after rehabilitation: barriers and facilitators. Journal of rehabilitation medicine, 48(1), 72–79. Jaarsma, E. A., Dijkstra, P. U., Geertzen, J. H. B., & Dekker, R. (2014). Barriers to and facilitators of sports participation for people with physical disabilities: A systematic review. Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports, 24(6), 871–881. Kittson, K., Gainforth, H. L., Edwards, J., Bolkowy, R., & Latimer-Cheung, A. E. (2013). The effect of video observation on warmth and competence ratings of individuals with a disability. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 14(6), 847–851. Litchke, L. G., Hodges, J. S., Schmidt, E. A., Lloyd, L. K., Payne, E., & Russian, C. J. (2012). Personal meaning of Wheelchair Rugby participation by five male athletes. Therapeutic Recreation Journal, 46(1), 26. Martin, J. J. (2008). Multidimensional self-efficacy and affect in wheelchair basketball players. Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly, 25(4), 275–288. Martin, J. J. (2013). Benefits and barriers to physical activity for individuals with disabilities: a social-relational model of disability perspective. Disability and rehabilitation, 35(24), 2030–2037. Norwich, B. (2002). Education, inclusion and individual differences: Recognising and resolving dilemmas. British Journal of Educational Studies, 50(4), 482–502. Oliver, M. (2004). The Social Model in Action: if I had a hammer. In: C. Barnes & G. Mercer (Eds.), Implementing the Social Model of Disability: Theory and Research (pp. 18–31). Leeds: The Disability Press. Purdue, D. E. J., & Howe, P. D. (2012). See the sport, not the disability: exploring the Paralympic paradox, Qualitative Research in Sport, Exercise and Health, 4(2), 189–205. Reindal, S. M. (2008). A social relational model of disability: a theoretical framework for special needs education? European Journal of Special Needs Education, 23(2), 135–146. Reindal, S. M. (2010). Redefining disability: a rejoinder to a critique. Nordic Journal of Applied Ethics, 4(1), 125–135. Richardson, E. V., Smith, B. & Papathomas, A. (2016). Disability and the gym: experiences, barriers and facilitators of gym use for individuals with physical disabilities. Disability and Rehabilitation. Sep 14, 1–8. Shakespeare, T., & Watson, N. (2001). The social model of disability: an outdated ideology? Exploring Theories and Expanding Methodologies, (2), 9–28. Shirazipour, C. H., Sweet, S. N., Perrier, M. J., Ginis, K. M., & Latimer-Cheung, A. E. (2015). “Supercrip” vs human interest: Examining stereotypes towards paralympians following the viewing of Canadian paralympic committee videos. Journal of Exercise, Movement, and Sport, 47(1). Simpson, J., McMillan, H., & Reeve, D. (2013). Reformulating psychological difficulties in people with Parkinson{\textquoteright}s disease: the potential of a social relational approach to disablism. Parkinson{\textquoteright}s Disease, 2013. Smith, B. (2013). Disability, sport and men{\textquoteright}s narratives of health: A qualitative study. Health Psychology, 32(1), 110. Smith, B., Bundon, A., & Best, M. (2016). Disability sport and activist identities: A qualitative study of narratives of activism among elite athletes{\textquoteright} with impairment. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 26, 139–148. Smith, B., & Caddick, N. (2012). Qualitative methods in sport: a concise overview for guiding social scientific sport research. Asia Pacific journal of sport and social science, 1(1), 60–73. Smith, B., & Perrier, M-J. (2015). Disability, sport, and impaired bodies: a critical approach. In: R. J. Schinke & K. R. McGannon (Eds.), The psychology of sub-culture in sport and physical activity: a critical approach (pp. 95–102). London: Psychology Press. Smith, B., Perrier, M-J., & Martin, J. J. (2016). Disability sport: A partial overview and some thoughts about the future. In: R. Schinke, K. R. McGannon, & B. Smith (Eds.), Routledge international handbook of sport psychology (pp. 296–303). London: Routledge. Smith, B., Tomasone, J. R., Latimer-Cheung, A. E., & Martin Ginis, K. A. (2015). Narrative as a knowledge translation tool for facilitating impact: Translating physical activity knowledge to disabled people and health professionals. Health Psychology, 34(4), 303. Stephens, C., Neil, R., & Smith, P. (2012). The perceived benefits and barriers of sport in spinal cord injured individuals: a qualitative study. Disability and Rehabilitation, 34(24), 2061–2070. Thomas, C. (1999). Female forms: Experiencing and understanding disability. London: McGraw-Hill Education (UK). Thomas, C. (2004). Rescuing a social relational understanding of disability. Scandinavian Journal of Disability Research, 6(1), 22–36. Thomas, C. (2007). Sociologies of disability, {\textquoteleft}impairment{\textquoteright}, and chronic illness: Ideas in disability studies and medical sociology. London: Palgrave. Williams, T. L., Smith, B., & Papathomas, A. (2014). The barriers, benefits and facilitators of leisure time physical activity among people with spinal cord injury: A meta-synthesis of qualitative findings. Health Psychology Review, 8(4), 404–425.",
year = "2017",
month = jun,
day = "30",
language = "English",
volume = "53",
pages = "60--78",
journal = "Acta Universitatis Carolinae: Kinanthropologica",
issn = "1212-1428",
publisher = "Karolinum Press",
number = "1",
}