The "mica crisis" in Donegal, Ireland – a case of internal sulfate attack?

Andreas Leemann, Barbara Lothenbach, Beat Münch, Thomas Campbell, Paul Dunlop

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

12 Citations (Scopus)
184 Downloads (Pure)

Abstract

In County Donegal, northwest Ireland, thousands of homes built with concrete blocks show an increasing degree of severe structural defects attributed to high mica content in the aggregates. Consequently, the problem is popularly known as the “Mica Crisis”. In this project the concrete blocks of four affected homes are investigated by microstructural and chemical analysis combined with thermodynamic modelling. Apart from mica, the aggregates contain iron sulphides mainly in the form of pyrrhotite. The sulfur content of the aggregates considerably exceeds the limit value defined by the European standard for concrete aggregates (EN 12620). The results of the microstructural analysis coupled with thermodynamic modelling demonstrate that the concrete suffers from internal sulfate attack triggered by pyrrhotite oxidation. The comparison of the results of this investigation with the data collected by chartered engineers on almost hundred damaged homes shows that the four investigated cases are representative of the situation in Donegal.
Original languageEnglish
Article number107149
Pages (from-to)1-14
Number of pages14
JournalCement and Concrete Research
Volume168
Issue numberJune 2023
Early online date15 Mar 2023
DOIs
Publication statusPublished online - 15 Mar 2023
EventThe Science and Societal Impacts of Defective Concrete - Atlantic Technical University, Donegal & Ulster University, Magee Campus, Letterkenny & Derry, Ireland
Duration: 15 Nov 202217 Nov 2022
https://www.eventbrite.ie/e/the-science-and-societal-impacts-of-defective-concrete-tickets-443321886697

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
The authors would like to thank the owners of the four investigated homes for permitting the extraction of cores and providing the test reports. Frank Winnefeld is acknowledged for the XRD analysis and Pietro Lura for reviewing the manuscript. Additionally, the authors would like to thank the two anonymous peer reviewers for their work.

Publisher Copyright:
© 2023 Elsevier Ltd

Keywords

  • concrete
  • pyrrhotite
  • internal sulfate attack
  • microstructure
  • cracking
  • Pyrrhotite
  • Cracking
  • Concrete
  • Internal sulfate attack
  • Microstructure

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