The Development of Polarization: An Ecological Systems Approach

​​ ​Polarization limits cooperation between groups and prolongs intergroup conflict. In this article, we consider the potential developmental origins of polarization (e.g., preferential endorsement and transmission of ingroup enhancing narratives). We argue that much of the existing literature focuses on individual-level variation. Yet, effectively understanding how and when polarization may emerge additionally requires an examination of broader multi-level influences (e.g., social networks, dominant educational practices, and cultural norms). We provide a conceptual framework of how this may be done, and provide examples of emerging methodologies that can capture influences on the development of polarization across the child’s social ecological system. By examining interactions between individual-level variation, and broader context, researchers may develop more specified interventions and policy recommendations.