Sustainable Biosynthesis of Esterase Enzymes of Desired Characteristics of Catalysis for Pharmaceutical and Food Industry Employing Specific Strains of Microorganisms: Special Issue Towards the Full Inclusion of Waste Management into Circular Economy

Reactions catalysed by sustainably produced enzymes can contribute to the bioeconomy
supporting several industries. Low-value compounds can be transformed into added-value products or high-resolution chemicals could be prepared in reactions catalysed by biocatalyst esterase
enzymes. These enzymes can be synthesised by purposely isolated or genetically modified strains of
microorganisms. Enzymes belonging to the hydrolase family catalyse the formation and hydrolysis
of ester bonds to produce the desired esterified molecule. The synthesis of homo-chiral compounds
can be accomplished either by chemical or biocatalytic processes, the latter being preferred with
the use of microbial esterases. For varied applications, esterases with high stability and retained
activity at lower and higher temperatures have been produced with strains isolated from extreme
environments. For sustainable production of enzymes, higher productivity has been achieved by
employing fast-growing Escherichia coli after incorporating plasmids of required characteristics from
specific isolates. This is a review of the isolated and engineered strains used in the biosynthesis of
esterase of the desired property, with the objective of a sustainable supply of enzymes, to produce
products of industrial importance contributing to the economy