Super-shear ruptures steered by pre-stress heterogeneities during the 2023 Kahramanmaraş earthquake doublet

Kejie Chen; Guoguang Wei; Christopher Milliner; Luca Dal Zilio; Cunren Liang; Jean-Philippe Avouac

doi:10.1038/s41467-024-51446-y

Super-shear ruptures steered by pre-stress heterogeneities during the 2023 Kahramanmaraş earthquake doublet

Kejie Chen
, Guoguang Wei
, Christopher Milliner
, Luca Dal Zilio
, Cunren Liang
, Jean-Philippe Avouac

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

34 Citations (Scopus)

65 Downloads (Pure)

Abstract

The 2023 M7.8 and M7.5 earthquake doublet near Kahramanmaraş, Turkey, provides insight regarding how large earthquakes rupture complex faults. Here we determine the faults geometry using surface ruptures and Synthetic Aperture Radar measurements, and the rupture kinematics from the joint inversion of high-rate Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), strong-motion waveforms, and GNSS static displacement. The M7.8 event initiated on a splay fault and subsequently propagated along the main East Anatolian Fault with an average rupture velocity between 3.0 and 4.0 km/s. In contrast, the M7.5 event demonstrated a bilateral supershear rupture of about 5.0–6.0 km/s over an 80 km length. Despite varying strike and dip angles, the sub-faults involved in the mainshock are nearly optimally oriented relative to the local stress tensor. The second event ruptured a fault misaligned with respect to the regional stress, also hinting at the effect of local stress heterogeneity in addition to a possible free surface effect.

Original language	English
Article number	7004
Pages (from-to)	1-11
Number of pages	11
Journal	Nature Communications
Volume	15
Issue number	1
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-51446-y
Publication status	Published (in print/issue) - 14 Aug 2024

Bibliographical note

Publisher Copyright:
© The Author(s) 2024.

Data Availability Statement

GNSS data used in this study were obtained from the Turkish Permanent GNSS Network (TUSAGA-Aktif) and are available at https://www.
tusaga-aktif.gov.tr/Web/DepremVerileri.aspx. Strong motion records
were provided by AFAD (https://tdvms.afad.gov.tr/list-station/543428/
37.043/37.288, https://tdvms.afad.gov.tr/list-station/543593/37.239/
38.089). ALOS-2 data are made freely available by the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) at: https://www.eorc.jaxa.jp/ALOS/
en/dataset/alos_open_and_free_e.htm. Sentinel-1 data are also freely
available and provided by the European Space Agency (ESA) under the Copernicus Program.

Funding

K.C. was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) 42074024 and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Geophysical High-resolution Imaging Technology (2022B1212010002). C.M. was supported by the NASA Earth Surface and Interior Focus Area ROSES grants (80NM0018D0004, 80NSSC20K0492). L.D.Z was supported by the European Research Council (ERC) Synergy Grant “Fault Activation and Earthquake Rupture” (FEAR) (No. 856559), the Earth Observatory of Singapore (EOS), and the Singapore Ministry of Education Tier 3b project “Investigating Volcano and Earthquake Science and Technology (InVEST)” (Award No. MOE-MOET32021-0002). C.L. was supported by NSFC 42274026 and J.P.A was supported by NASA/ROSES grant 80NSSC20K0492. We thank JAXA for providing ALOS-2 data used in this study.

Funders	Funder number
European Research Council
2022B1212010002
National Aeronautics and Space Administration	80NSSC20K0492, 80NM0018D0004
National Natural Science Foundation of China	42074024
856559
42274026, MOE-MOET32021-0002

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This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

SDG 15 Life on Land

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10.1038/s41467-024-51446-y

Super-shear ruptures-Final versionFinal published version, 5.83 MBLicence: CC BY

Cite this

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title = "Super-shear ruptures steered by pre-stress heterogeneities during the 2023 Kahramanmara{\c s} earthquake doublet",

abstract = "The 2023 M7.8 and M7.5 earthquake doublet near Kahramanmara{\c s}, Turkey, provides insight regarding how large earthquakes rupture complex faults. Here we determine the faults geometry using surface ruptures and Synthetic Aperture Radar measurements, and the rupture kinematics from the joint inversion of high-rate Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), strong-motion waveforms, and GNSS static displacement. The M7.8 event initiated on a splay fault and subsequently propagated along the main East Anatolian Fault with an average rupture velocity between 3.0 and 4.0 km/s. In contrast, the M7.5 event demonstrated a bilateral supershear rupture of about 5.0–6.0 km/s over an 80 km length. Despite varying strike and dip angles, the sub-faults involved in the mainshock are nearly optimally oriented relative to the local stress tensor. The second event ruptured a fault misaligned with respect to the regional stress, also hinting at the effect of local stress heterogeneity in addition to a possible free surface effect.",

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Super-shear ruptures steered by pre-stress heterogeneities during the 2023 Kahramanmaraş earthquake doublet

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Data Availability Statement

Funding

UN SDGs

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