Sisters of the Brotherhood: Female Orangeism on Tyneside in the late 19th and early 20th centuries

This article draws upon rare regional Loyal Orange Institution records to describe and evaluate the emergence of female Orangeism. The article locates these developments within the broader contexts of Ulster immigrant cultural transfer, Irish associationalism within the diaspora, and the emergence of greater and deeper female participation in life beyond the home and work. The study fundamental focuses on female, Ulster-born immigrant culture.