Risk factors for anxiety and depression among pregnant women during the COVID-19 pandemic: Results of a web-based multinational cross-sectional study

PhD Anna Scholz MD; Dorota Sys; Artur Pokropek; Steven W. Shaw; Tung‐Yao Chang; Pavel Calda; Ganesh Acharya; Maya Ben‐Zion; Tal Biron‐Shental; Dariusz Borowski; Bartosz Czuba; Adolfo Etchegaray; Stepan Feduniw; Rosario Garcia‐Mandujano; Monica Garcia Santacruz; Maria M. Gil; Sonia Hassan; Sebastian Kwiatkowski; Arancha Martin‐Arias; Raigam Jafet Martinez‐Portilla; Federico Prefumo; Michał Rabijewski; Laurent J. Salomon; Heidi Tiller; Stefan Verlohren; Hian Yan Voon; Omar Fernando Yanque‐Robles; Soon Leong Yong; Liona C. Poon; Urszula Ajdacka; Ewa Andersson; Barbara Baranowska; Grażyna Bączek; Karine Stiberg Birkelund; Katherine Belen Campos Del Castillo; MD Gihad Chalouhi; Chan‐Yu Sung; Ricardo Ciammella; Angeles Cibert; Sabrina Demirdjian; Mariana Esteban; Dagmara Filipecka‐Tyczka; Sergio Freeman‐Rechy; Tetiana Fedyshyn; Orion Gliozheni; Yasmin Hasbini; Veronica Aide Hernandez‐Muñoz; Sarah Homitsky; Hanna Jasiak; Maria Kaźmierczak; Roksana Lewandowska

doi:10.1002/ijgo.14388

Risk factors for anxiety and depression among pregnant women during the COVID-19 pandemic: Results of a web-based multinational cross-sectional study

PhD Anna Scholz MD, Dorota Sys, Artur Pokropek, Steven W. Shaw, Tung‐Yao Chang, Pavel Calda, Ganesh Acharya, Maya Ben‐Zion, Tal Biron‐Shental, Dariusz Borowski, Bartosz Czuba, Adolfo Etchegaray, Stepan Feduniw, Rosario Garcia‐Mandujano, Monica Garcia Santacruz, Maria M. Gil, Sonia Hassan, Sebastian Kwiatkowski, Arancha Martin‐Arias, Raigam Jafet Martinez‐PortillaFederico Prefumo, Michał Rabijewski, Laurent J. Salomon, Heidi Tiller, Stefan Verlohren, Hian Yan Voon, Omar Fernando Yanque‐Robles, Soon Leong Yong, Liona C. Poon, Urszula Ajdacka, Ewa Andersson, Barbara Baranowska, Grażyna Bączek, Karine Stiberg Birkelund, Katherine Belen Campos Del Castillo, MD Gihad Chalouhi, Chan‐Yu Sung, Ricardo Ciammella, Angeles Cibert, Sabrina Demirdjian, Mariana Esteban, Dagmara Filipecka‐Tyczka, Sergio Freeman‐Rechy, Tetiana Fedyshyn, Orion Gliozheni, Yasmin Hasbini, Veronica Aide Hernandez‐Muñoz, Sarah Homitsky, Hanna Jasiak, Maria Kaźmierczak, Roksana Lewandowska

School of Biomedical Sciences

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

11 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

Objective
To assess risk factors for anxiety and depression among pregnant women during the COVID-19 pandemic using Mind-COVID, a prospective cross-sectional study that compares outcomes in middle-income economies and high-income economies.

Methods
A total of 7102 pregnant women from 12 high-income economies and nine middle-income economies were included. The web-based survey used two standardized instruments, General Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) and Patient Health Questionnaire–9 (PHQ-9).

Result
Pregnant women in high-income economies reported higher PHQ-9 (0.18 standard deviation [SD], P < 0.001) and GAD-7 (0.08 SD, P = 0.005) scores than those living in middle-income economies. Multivariate regression analysis showed that increasing PHQ-9 and GAD-7 scales were associated with mental health problems during pregnancy and the need for psychiatric treatment before pregnancy. PHQ-9 was associated with a feeling of burden related to restrictions in social distancing, and access to leisure activities. GAD-7 scores were associated with a pregnancy-related complication, fear of adverse outcomes in children related to COVID-19, and feeling of burden related to finances.

Conclusions
According to this study, the imposed public health measures and hospital restrictions have left pregnant women more vulnerable during these difficult times. Adequate partner and family support during pregnancy and childbirth can be one of the most important protective factors against anxiety and depression, regardless of national economic status.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	167-186
Number of pages	18
Journal	International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics
Volume	160
Issue number	1
Early online date	5 Aug 2022
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1002/ijgo.14388
Publication status	Published (in print/issue) - 13 Dec 2022

Data Access Statement

Research data are not shared.

Keywords

anxiety
coronavirus disease 20219
cross-sectional studies
depression
economic status
mental health
patient health questionnaire
pregnant women

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

Access to Document

10.1002/ijgo.14388

Cite this

Anna Scholz MD, P., Sys, D., Pokropek, A., Shaw, S. W., Chang, TY., Calda, P., Acharya, G., Ben‐Zion, M., Biron‐Shental, T., Borowski, D., Czuba, B., Etchegaray, A., Feduniw, S., Garcia‐Mandujano, R., Santacruz, M. G., Gil, M. M., Hassan, S., Kwiatkowski, S., Martin‐Arias, A., ... Lewandowska, R. (2022). Risk factors for anxiety and depression among pregnant women during the COVID-19 pandemic: Results of a web-based multinational cross-sectional study. International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics, 160(1), 167-186. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijgo.14388

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title = "Risk factors for anxiety and depression among pregnant women during the COVID-19 pandemic: Results of a web-based multinational cross-sectional study",

abstract = "ObjectiveTo assess risk factors for anxiety and depression among pregnant women during the COVID-19 pandemic using Mind-COVID, a prospective cross-sectional study that compares outcomes in middle-income economies and high-income economies.MethodsA total of 7102 pregnant women from 12 high-income economies and nine middle-income economies were included. The web-based survey used two standardized instruments, General Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) and Patient Health Questionnaire–9 (PHQ-9).ResultPregnant women in high-income economies reported higher PHQ-9 (0.18 standard deviation [SD], P < 0.001) and GAD-7 (0.08 SD, P = 0.005) scores than those living in middle-income economies. Multivariate regression analysis showed that increasing PHQ-9 and GAD-7 scales were associated with mental health problems during pregnancy and the need for psychiatric treatment before pregnancy. PHQ-9 was associated with a feeling of burden related to restrictions in social distancing, and access to leisure activities. GAD-7 scores were associated with a pregnancy-related complication, fear of adverse outcomes in children related to COVID-19, and feeling of burden related to finances.ConclusionsAccording to this study, the imposed public health measures and hospital restrictions have left pregnant women more vulnerable during these difficult times. Adequate partner and family support during pregnancy and childbirth can be one of the most important protective factors against anxiety and depression, regardless of national economic status.",

keywords = "anxiety, coronavirus disease 20219, cross-sectional studies, depression, economic status, mental health, patient health questionnaire, pregnant women",

author = "{Anna Scholz MD}, PhD and Dorota Sys and Artur Pokropek and Shaw, {Steven W.} and Tung‐Yao Chang and Pavel Calda and Ganesh Acharya and Maya Ben‐Zion and Tal Biron‐Shental and Dariusz Borowski and Bartosz Czuba and Adolfo Etchegaray and Stepan Feduniw and Rosario Garcia‐Mandujano and Santacruz, {Monica Garcia} and Gil, {Maria M.} and Sonia Hassan and Sebastian Kwiatkowski and Arancha Martin‐Arias and Martinez‐Portilla, {Raigam Jafet} and Federico Prefumo and Micha{\l} Rabijewski and Salomon, {Laurent J.} and Heidi Tiller and Stefan Verlohren and Voon, {Hian Yan} and Yanque‐Robles, {Omar Fernando} and Yong, {Soon Leong} and Poon, {Liona C.} and Urszula Ajdacka and Ewa Andersson and Barbara Baranowska and Gra{\.z}yna B{\c a}czek and Birkelund, {Karine Stiberg} and Castillo, {Katherine Belen Campos Del} and Chalouhi, {MD Gihad} and Chan‐Yu Sung and Ricardo Ciammella and Angeles Cibert and Sabrina Demirdjian and Mariana Esteban and Dagmara Filipecka‐Tyczka and Sergio Freeman‐Rechy and Tetiana Fedyshyn and Orion Gliozheni and Yasmin Hasbini and Hernandez‐Mu{\~n}oz, {Veronica Aide} and Sarah Homitsky and Hanna Jasiak and Maria Ka{\'z}mierczak and Roksana Lewandowska",

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month = dec,

day = "13",

doi = "10.1002/ijgo.14388",

language = "English",

volume = "160",

pages = "167--186",

number = "1",

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Anna Scholz MD, P, Sys, D, Pokropek, A, Shaw, SW, Chang, TY, Calda, P, Acharya, G, Ben‐Zion, M, Biron‐Shental, T, Borowski, D, Czuba, B, Etchegaray, A, Feduniw, S, Garcia‐Mandujano, R, Santacruz, MG, Gil, MM, Hassan, S, Kwiatkowski, S, Martin‐Arias, A, Martinez‐Portilla, RJ, Prefumo, F, Rabijewski, M, Salomon, LJ, Tiller, H, Verlohren, S, Voon, HY, Yanque‐Robles, OF, Yong, SL, Poon, LC, Ajdacka, U, Andersson, E, Baranowska, B, Bączek, G, Birkelund, KS, Castillo, KBCD, Chalouhi, MDG, Sung, CY, Ciammella, R, Cibert, A, Demirdjian, S, Esteban, M, Filipecka‐Tyczka, D, Freeman‐Rechy, S, Fedyshyn, T, Gliozheni, O, Hasbini, Y, Hernandez‐Muñoz, VA, Homitsky, S, Jasiak, H, Kaźmierczak, M & Lewandowska, R 2022, 'Risk factors for anxiety and depression among pregnant women during the COVID-19 pandemic: Results of a web-based multinational cross-sectional study', International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics, vol. 160, no. 1, pp. 167-186. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijgo.14388

Risk factors for anxiety and depression among pregnant women during the COVID-19 pandemic: Results of a web-based multinational cross-sectional study. / Anna Scholz MD, PhD; Sys, Dorota; Pokropek, Artur et al.
In: International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics, Vol. 160, No. 1, 13.12.2022, p. 167-186.

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

TY - JOUR

T1 - Risk factors for anxiety and depression among pregnant women during the COVID-19 pandemic: Results of a web-based multinational cross-sectional study

AU - Anna Scholz MD, PhD

AU - Sys, Dorota

AU - Pokropek, Artur

AU - Shaw, Steven W.

AU - Chang, Tung‐Yao

AU - Calda, Pavel

AU - Acharya, Ganesh

AU - Ben‐Zion, Maya

AU - Biron‐Shental, Tal

AU - Borowski, Dariusz

AU - Czuba, Bartosz

AU - Etchegaray, Adolfo

AU - Feduniw, Stepan

AU - Garcia‐Mandujano, Rosario

AU - Santacruz, Monica Garcia

AU - Gil, Maria M.

AU - Hassan, Sonia

AU - Kwiatkowski, Sebastian

AU - Martin‐Arias, Arancha

AU - Martinez‐Portilla, Raigam Jafet

AU - Prefumo, Federico

AU - Rabijewski, Michał

AU - Salomon, Laurent J.

AU - Tiller, Heidi

AU - Verlohren, Stefan

AU - Voon, Hian Yan

AU - Yanque‐Robles, Omar Fernando

AU - Yong, Soon Leong

AU - Poon, Liona C.

AU - Ajdacka, Urszula

AU - Andersson, Ewa

AU - Baranowska, Barbara

AU - Bączek, Grażyna

AU - Birkelund, Karine Stiberg

AU - Castillo, Katherine Belen Campos Del

AU - Chalouhi, MD Gihad

AU - Sung, Chan‐Yu

AU - Ciammella, Ricardo

AU - Cibert, Angeles

AU - Demirdjian, Sabrina

AU - Esteban, Mariana

AU - Filipecka‐Tyczka, Dagmara

AU - Freeman‐Rechy, Sergio

AU - Fedyshyn, Tetiana

AU - Gliozheni, Orion

AU - Hasbini, Yasmin

AU - Hernandez‐Muñoz, Veronica Aide

AU - Homitsky, Sarah

AU - Jasiak, Hanna

AU - Kaźmierczak, Maria

AU - Lewandowska, Roksana

PY - 2022/12/13

Y1 - 2022/12/13

N2 - ObjectiveTo assess risk factors for anxiety and depression among pregnant women during the COVID-19 pandemic using Mind-COVID, a prospective cross-sectional study that compares outcomes in middle-income economies and high-income economies.MethodsA total of 7102 pregnant women from 12 high-income economies and nine middle-income economies were included. The web-based survey used two standardized instruments, General Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) and Patient Health Questionnaire–9 (PHQ-9).ResultPregnant women in high-income economies reported higher PHQ-9 (0.18 standard deviation [SD], P < 0.001) and GAD-7 (0.08 SD, P = 0.005) scores than those living in middle-income economies. Multivariate regression analysis showed that increasing PHQ-9 and GAD-7 scales were associated with mental health problems during pregnancy and the need for psychiatric treatment before pregnancy. PHQ-9 was associated with a feeling of burden related to restrictions in social distancing, and access to leisure activities. GAD-7 scores were associated with a pregnancy-related complication, fear of adverse outcomes in children related to COVID-19, and feeling of burden related to finances.ConclusionsAccording to this study, the imposed public health measures and hospital restrictions have left pregnant women more vulnerable during these difficult times. Adequate partner and family support during pregnancy and childbirth can be one of the most important protective factors against anxiety and depression, regardless of national economic status.

AB - ObjectiveTo assess risk factors for anxiety and depression among pregnant women during the COVID-19 pandemic using Mind-COVID, a prospective cross-sectional study that compares outcomes in middle-income economies and high-income economies.MethodsA total of 7102 pregnant women from 12 high-income economies and nine middle-income economies were included. The web-based survey used two standardized instruments, General Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) and Patient Health Questionnaire–9 (PHQ-9).ResultPregnant women in high-income economies reported higher PHQ-9 (0.18 standard deviation [SD], P < 0.001) and GAD-7 (0.08 SD, P = 0.005) scores than those living in middle-income economies. Multivariate regression analysis showed that increasing PHQ-9 and GAD-7 scales were associated with mental health problems during pregnancy and the need for psychiatric treatment before pregnancy. PHQ-9 was associated with a feeling of burden related to restrictions in social distancing, and access to leisure activities. GAD-7 scores were associated with a pregnancy-related complication, fear of adverse outcomes in children related to COVID-19, and feeling of burden related to finances.ConclusionsAccording to this study, the imposed public health measures and hospital restrictions have left pregnant women more vulnerable during these difficult times. Adequate partner and family support during pregnancy and childbirth can be one of the most important protective factors against anxiety and depression, regardless of national economic status.

KW - anxiety

KW - coronavirus disease 20219

KW - cross-sectional studies

KW - depression

KW - economic status

KW - mental health

KW - patient health questionnaire

KW - pregnant women

U2 - 10.1002/ijgo.14388

DO - 10.1002/ijgo.14388

M3 - Article

SN - 0020-7292

VL - 160

SP - 167

EP - 186

JO - International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics

JF - International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics

IS - 1

ER -

Risk factors for anxiety and depression among pregnant women during the COVID-19 pandemic: Results of a web-based multinational cross-sectional study

Abstract

Data Access Statement

Keywords

UN SDGs

Access to Document

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Cite this