Rethinking Co-Design for the Green Transition: Balancing Stakeholder Input and Designer Agency

Co-design plays a pivotal role in architectural design and urban planning for the green transition, facilitating collaboration among designers and stakeholders to create contextually appropriate solutions. This study examines the balance between stakeholder input and designer agency within co-design practices aimed at addressing the complex challenges posed by the green transition. Looking at how designers mindsets and methods are influenced by co-design, this study is carried out by analysing two contrasting case studies from the Future Island-Island project: Field Operations, an immersive residential on Rathlin Island, and DesignLink, a structured design sprint with organisational partners. Employing the terminologies of autogenic (designer-led) and allogenic design (stakeholder-led), the research critically explores how these modalities influence design outcomes and designers themselves. Field Operations exemplifies a more allogenic approach characterised by collaborative brief development through local immersion, while DesignLink primarily illustrates an autogenic process where predefined objectives guided creative synthesis. The study reveals that effective co-design requires oscillation between these approaches, underscoring the necessity for designers to harness both community insights while ensuring their own creative agency. The findings in this study advocate for a refined co-design framework that optimally integrates stakeholder contributions without compromising the integrity and coherence of the design process, emphasising the importance of contextual sensitivity, innovation, and timely decision-making in addressing complex societal challenges such as the green transition.