Production, Physicochemical and Biological Characterization of Electrospun Composite Nanofibrous Scaffolds for Supporting the Repair and Regeneration of Periodontal Tissues

Robyn Macartney

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceedingConference contributionpeer-review

Abstract

Periodontal diseases are a major worldwide cause of destruction to supporting structures to key dental anatomies. The range of tissues involved in the periodontal anatomy render defining the ideal materials for tissue engineered solutions in this setting challenging.
This study reports the fabrication and characterization of a composite biomaterial to ameliorate the regenerative potential of periodontal ligament. Electrospinning was used to produce nanofibrous, composite scaffolds. A commercial nanohydroxyapatite was added, to a Poly(L-lactide co-Caprolactone) base, as the mineral phase of the composite.
Physical characterization using scanning electron microscopy and associated image analysis showed the addition of the nanohydroxyapatite did not significantly alter key properties such as fiber diameter or percentage porosity. Chemical characterization via Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy confirmed successful entrapment of the nanohydroxyapatite without changing the polymer chemistry. Tensile testing showed that mechanical properties of the composite scaffolds remained suitable for use in periodontal tissue engineering applications, demonstrating similar mechanical behavior to native tissue. Acellular in vitro studies confirmed that composite scaffolds showed increased bioactivity compared to native polymer scaffolds. In vitro cell studies demonstrated that the addition of nanohydroxyapatite invoked no cytotoxic response. Additionally, the cellular responses were enhanced at the material interface in the presence of the nanohydroxyapatite, with a significant increase of 17.8% in the viability/proliferation of osteoblast-like cells at day 7.
Modification of electrospun scaffolds successfully enhanced biological responses of osteoblast-like cells, mimicking the responses of neighboring tissue of the periodontal ligament for which the tissue engineered structure is intended to replace.
Original languageEnglish
Title of host publicationTERMIS Americas
Publication statusUnpublished - 13 Apr 2023

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