Production and characterization of PEEK/IF-WS2 nanocomposites for Additive Manufacturing: simultaneous improvement in processing characteristics and material properties

Atefeh Golbang; Eileen Harkin-Jones; Marcin Wegrzyn; Gavin Campbell; E Archer; AT McIlhagger

doi:10.1016/j.addma.2019.100920

Production and characterization of PEEK/IF-WS2 nanocomposites for Additive Manufacturing: simultaneous improvement in processing characteristics and material properties

Atefeh Golbang, Eileen Harkin-Jones, Marcin Wegrzyn, Gavin Campbell, E Archer, AT McIlhagger

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

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Abstract

Successful printing of high-performance material with suitable properties using additive manufacturing methods such as Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) can create many advanced applications in industries. However, the high viscosity of high-performance polymers causes complications during the FFF process and reduces the final print quality. To overcome this challenge, Inorganic Fullerene Tungsten Sulphide (IF-WS2) nanoparticles are applied in this study to enhance the flowability of poly-ether-ketone-ketone (PEEK) without compromising
its mechanical and thermal properties. In the first step, different loadings of IF-WS2 nanoparticles are melt compounded with PEEK and the nanocomposites are characterized. SEM and EDX images of fractured surfaces indicate that a good dispersion of nanoparticles is achieved without any pre-treatment or pre-dispersion. A reduction in melt viscosity of 25%, and a simultaneous growth in storage modulus, crystallization and degradation temperature of about 60%, 53% and 100 °C is found with addition of 2wt% IF-WS2 to PEEK, respectively.
This great achievement is mainly ascribed to the unique characteristics of IF-WS2
nanoparticles, acting as both reinforcing and lubricating agents, indicated by a reduction in coefficient of friction. There is no significant increase of crystallization and melting temperatures with the addition of IF-WS2 nanoparticles, which is beneficial in the FFF process. In the second step, the PEEK nanocomposite filaments are printed via FFF. The print quality and mechanical properties of the printed PEEK are also improved with the incorporation of IFWS2 nanoparticles. Hence, incorporation of IF-WS2 nanoparticles into PEEK via melt compounding is an effective approach for the development of suitable high-performance
engineering materials for FFF.

Original language	English
Article number	100920
Pages (from-to)	1-8
Number of pages	8
Journal	Additive Manufacturing
Volume	31
Early online date	16 Oct 2019
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addma.2019.100920
Publication status	Published (in print/issue) - 1 Jan 2020

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
The authors wish to thank the EPSRC for funding for this research under grant reference EP/N034783/1 Novel high performance polymeric composite materials for additive manufacturing of multifunctional components. We also wish to thank Professors Yanqui Zhu and Dr Bahareh Yazdani of the University of Exeter for providing the IF-WS2 nanoparticles.

Funding Information:
The authors wish to thank the EPSRC for funding for this research under grant reference EP/N034783/1 Novel high performance polymeric composite materials for additive manufacturing of multifunctional components. We also wish to thank Professors Yanqui Zhu and Dr Bahareh Yazdani of the University of Exeter for providing the IF-WS2 nanoparticles.

Publisher Copyright:
© 2019

Copyright:
Copyright 2019 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

Keywords

Poly Ether Ether Ketone (PEEK)
Inorganic Fullerene Tungsten Sulphide (IF-WS2)
Viscosity
Fused filament fabrication (FFF)
Additive Manufacturing (AM)
Additive manufacturing (AM)
Inorganic fullerene tungsten sulphide (IF-WS )
Poly ether ether ketone (PEEK)

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title = "Production and characterization of PEEK/IF-WS2 nanocomposites for Additive Manufacturing: simultaneous improvement in processing characteristics and material properties",

abstract = "Successful printing of high-performance material with suitable properties using additive manufacturing methods such as Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) can create many advanced applications in industries. However, the high viscosity of high-performance polymers causes complications during the FFF process and reduces the final print quality. To overcome this challenge, Inorganic Fullerene Tungsten Sulphide (IF-WS2) nanoparticles are applied in this study to enhance the flowability of poly-ether-ketone-ketone (PEEK) without compromisingits mechanical and thermal properties. In the first step, different loadings of IF-WS2 nanoparticles are melt compounded with PEEK and the nanocomposites are characterized. SEM and EDX images of fractured surfaces indicate that a good dispersion of nanoparticles is achieved without any pre-treatment or pre-dispersion. A reduction in melt viscosity of 25%, and a simultaneous growth in storage modulus, crystallization and degradation temperature of about 60%, 53% and 100 °C is found with addition of 2wt% IF-WS2 to PEEK, respectively.This great achievement is mainly ascribed to the unique characteristics of IF-WS2nanoparticles, acting as both reinforcing and lubricating agents, indicated by a reduction in coefficient of friction. There is no significant increase of crystallization and melting temperatures with the addition of IF-WS2 nanoparticles, which is beneficial in the FFF process. In the second step, the PEEK nanocomposite filaments are printed via FFF. The print quality and mechanical properties of the printed PEEK are also improved with the incorporation of IFWS2 nanoparticles. Hence, incorporation of IF-WS2 nanoparticles into PEEK via melt compounding is an effective approach for the development of suitable high-performanceengineering materials for FFF.",

keywords = "Poly Ether Ether Ketone (PEEK), Inorganic Fullerene Tungsten Sulphide (IF-WS2), Viscosity, Fused filament fabrication (FFF), Additive Manufacturing (AM), Additive manufacturing (AM), Inorganic fullerene tungsten sulphide (IF-WS ), Poly ether ether ketone (PEEK)",

author = "Atefeh Golbang and Eileen Harkin-Jones and Marcin Wegrzyn and Gavin Campbell and E Archer and AT McIlhagger",

note = "Funding Information: The authors wish to thank the EPSRC for funding for this research under grant reference EP/N034783/1 Novel high performance polymeric composite materials for additive manufacturing of multifunctional components. We also wish to thank Professors Yanqui Zhu and Dr Bahareh Yazdani of the University of Exeter for providing the IF-WS2 nanoparticles. Funding Information: The authors wish to thank the EPSRC for funding for this research under grant reference EP/N034783/1 Novel high performance polymeric composite materials for additive manufacturing of multifunctional components. We also wish to thank Professors Yanqui Zhu and Dr Bahareh Yazdani of the University of Exeter for providing the IF-WS2 nanoparticles. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2019 Copyright: Copyright 2019 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.",

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doi = "10.1016/j.addma.2019.100920",

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AU - Golbang, Atefeh

AU - Harkin-Jones, Eileen

AU - Wegrzyn, Marcin

AU - Campbell, Gavin

AU - Archer, E

AU - McIlhagger, AT

N1 - Funding Information: The authors wish to thank the EPSRC for funding for this research under grant reference EP/N034783/1 Novel high performance polymeric composite materials for additive manufacturing of multifunctional components. We also wish to thank Professors Yanqui Zhu and Dr Bahareh Yazdani of the University of Exeter for providing the IF-WS2 nanoparticles. Funding Information: The authors wish to thank the EPSRC for funding for this research under grant reference EP/N034783/1 Novel high performance polymeric composite materials for additive manufacturing of multifunctional components. We also wish to thank Professors Yanqui Zhu and Dr Bahareh Yazdani of the University of Exeter for providing the IF-WS2 nanoparticles. Publisher Copyright: © 2019 Copyright: Copyright 2019 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

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N2 - Successful printing of high-performance material with suitable properties using additive manufacturing methods such as Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) can create many advanced applications in industries. However, the high viscosity of high-performance polymers causes complications during the FFF process and reduces the final print quality. To overcome this challenge, Inorganic Fullerene Tungsten Sulphide (IF-WS2) nanoparticles are applied in this study to enhance the flowability of poly-ether-ketone-ketone (PEEK) without compromisingits mechanical and thermal properties. In the first step, different loadings of IF-WS2 nanoparticles are melt compounded with PEEK and the nanocomposites are characterized. SEM and EDX images of fractured surfaces indicate that a good dispersion of nanoparticles is achieved without any pre-treatment or pre-dispersion. A reduction in melt viscosity of 25%, and a simultaneous growth in storage modulus, crystallization and degradation temperature of about 60%, 53% and 100 °C is found with addition of 2wt% IF-WS2 to PEEK, respectively.This great achievement is mainly ascribed to the unique characteristics of IF-WS2nanoparticles, acting as both reinforcing and lubricating agents, indicated by a reduction in coefficient of friction. There is no significant increase of crystallization and melting temperatures with the addition of IF-WS2 nanoparticles, which is beneficial in the FFF process. In the second step, the PEEK nanocomposite filaments are printed via FFF. The print quality and mechanical properties of the printed PEEK are also improved with the incorporation of IFWS2 nanoparticles. Hence, incorporation of IF-WS2 nanoparticles into PEEK via melt compounding is an effective approach for the development of suitable high-performanceengineering materials for FFF.

AB - Successful printing of high-performance material with suitable properties using additive manufacturing methods such as Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) can create many advanced applications in industries. However, the high viscosity of high-performance polymers causes complications during the FFF process and reduces the final print quality. To overcome this challenge, Inorganic Fullerene Tungsten Sulphide (IF-WS2) nanoparticles are applied in this study to enhance the flowability of poly-ether-ketone-ketone (PEEK) without compromisingits mechanical and thermal properties. In the first step, different loadings of IF-WS2 nanoparticles are melt compounded with PEEK and the nanocomposites are characterized. SEM and EDX images of fractured surfaces indicate that a good dispersion of nanoparticles is achieved without any pre-treatment or pre-dispersion. A reduction in melt viscosity of 25%, and a simultaneous growth in storage modulus, crystallization and degradation temperature of about 60%, 53% and 100 °C is found with addition of 2wt% IF-WS2 to PEEK, respectively.This great achievement is mainly ascribed to the unique characteristics of IF-WS2nanoparticles, acting as both reinforcing and lubricating agents, indicated by a reduction in coefficient of friction. There is no significant increase of crystallization and melting temperatures with the addition of IF-WS2 nanoparticles, which is beneficial in the FFF process. In the second step, the PEEK nanocomposite filaments are printed via FFF. The print quality and mechanical properties of the printed PEEK are also improved with the incorporation of IFWS2 nanoparticles. Hence, incorporation of IF-WS2 nanoparticles into PEEK via melt compounding is an effective approach for the development of suitable high-performanceengineering materials for FFF.

KW - Poly Ether Ether Ketone (PEEK)

KW - Inorganic Fullerene Tungsten Sulphide (IF-WS2)

KW - Viscosity

KW - Fused filament fabrication (FFF)

KW - Additive Manufacturing (AM)

KW - Additive manufacturing (AM)

KW - Inorganic fullerene tungsten sulphide (IF-WS )

KW - Poly ether ether ketone (PEEK)

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M1 - 100920

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Production and characterization of PEEK/IF-WS2 nanocomposites for Additive Manufacturing: simultaneous improvement in processing characteristics and material properties

Abstract

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Atefeh Golbang

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Production and characterization of PEEK/IF-WS2 nanocomposites for Additive Manufacturing: simultaneous improvement in processing characteristics and material properties

Abstract

Bibliographical note

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