Pharmacokinetics of a CCR5 inhibitor in rhesus macaques following vaginal, rectal and oral application

R. K. Malcolm, Deborah Lowry, P. Boyd, L. Geer, R. S. Veazey, L. Goldman, P. J. Klasse, R. J. Shattock, J. P. Moore

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

13 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

ObjectivesThis study measured and compared the pharmacokinetics of CMPD167, a small molecule antiretroviral CCR5 inhibitor with potential as an HIV microbicide, following vaginal, rectal and oral administration in rhesus macaques.MethodsA vaginal hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC) gel, a rectal HEC gel, a silicone elastomer matrix-type vaginal ring and an oral solution, each containing CMPD167, were prepared and administered to rhesus macaques pretreated with Depo-Provera. CMPD167 concentrations in vaginal fluid, vaginal tissue (ring only), rectal fluid and blood plasma were quantified by HPLC–mass spectrometry.ResultsCMPD167 concentrations measured in rectal fluid, vaginal fluid and blood plasma were highly dependent on both the route of administration and the formulation type. Although rectal and vaginal fluid concentrations were highest when CMPD167 was administered locally (via either gel or ring), lower concentrations of the drug were also measured in these compartments following administration at the remote mucosal site or orally. CMPD167 levels in the vaginal and rectal fluid following oral administration were relatively low compared with local administration.ConclusionsThe study provides clear evidence for vaginal–rectal and rectal–vaginal drug transfer pathways and suggests that oral pre-exposure prophylaxis with CMPD167 may be less efficacious at preventing sexual transmission of HIV-1 than topically applied products.
Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)1325-1329
JournalJournal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy
Volume69
Issue number5
DOIs
Publication statusPublished (in print/issue) - 1 May 2014

Keywords

  • HIV microbicides
  • vaginal HEC gels
  • vaginal rings
  • rectal gels
  • pre-exposure prophylaxis
  • PrEP
  • CMPD167

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