Abstract
A novel finite element modelling approach is presented which incorporates representative binder yarn compaction, for simulating the low-velocity impact (LVI) and compression after impact (CAI) response of 3D woven layer-to-layer carbon/epoxy composite architectures. Simulations of out-of-plane drop-weight impact tests were performed at energies of 32 J and 42 J. Warp and weft layers were modelled as continuous plies and three different approaches were explored to model the binder reinforcement; (i) with a rectangular cross-section and non-compacted, (ii) with an elliptical cross-section and non-compacted, and (iii) an elliptical cross-section which accounts for compaction. Predictions were compared with experimental results from literature and it is shown that modelling the binder reinforcement as an elliptical cross-section with compaction leads to a predicted damage area, on the impacted side, which is within 2%, and the non-impacted side within 6% of experimental measurements. The predicted CAI strength is within 11% of the experimental values.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Article number | 117104 |
| Number of pages | 13 |
| Journal | Composite Structures |
| Volume | 318 |
| Early online date | 1 May 2023 |
| DOIs | |
| Publication status | Published (in print/issue) - 15 Aug 2023 |
Bibliographical note
Funding Information:This study was conducted as part of the Belfast Maritime Consortium UKRI Strength in Places project, ‘Decarbonisation of Maritime Transportation: A return to Commercial Sailing’ led by Artemis Technologies, Project no. 107138. Data availability statement, The raw/processed data required to reproduce these findings cannot be shared at this time as the data also forms part of an ongoing study.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2023 The Authors
Keywords
- 3-Dimensional reinforcement
- finite element analysis (FEA)
- Impact behaviour
- Damage mechanics
- Compression after impact
- 3-Dimensional reinforcement, Finite element analysis (FEA)
