Miniaturization Behavior of Microstrip Patch Antenna Modified by Firat-Based Circular Fractal

Mirelli S. Da Silva; Alyson Leite M. De Araújo; Leonardo O. De Sousa; Lucas A. Sarmento; Jorge A. I. De Araujo; Samanta M. De Holanda; Gabriel G. Machado; Isaac B. T. Da Silva

doi:10.1109/imoc65414.2025.11365684

Miniaturization Behavior of Microstrip Patch Antenna Modified by Firat-Based Circular Fractal

Mirelli S. Da Silva
, Alyson Leite M. De Araújo
, Leonardo O. De Sousa
, Lucas A. Sarmento
, Jorge A. I. De Araujo
, Samanta M. De Holanda
, Gabriel G. Machado
, Isaac B. T. Da Silva

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution › peer-review

Abstract

This work investigates the performance of a circular antenna using Firat-based circular fractal modeling. A circular mathematical description suitable for Firat's fractal model is presented, based on previous studies. Two frequencies were chosen for study, 2 GHz and 4 GHz, with 4 iterations applied to both antennas. Reflection coefficient was measured and compared with simulations, where a maximum difference of 3.72% was achieved, and a minimum of 1.94%, between the results. Measured miniaturization factors are analyzed to assess the feasibility of the Firat fractal. The results demonstrate the potential for miniaturization, with maximum factor values of 25.43%.

Original language	English
Title of host publication	2025 SBMO/IEEE MTT-S International Microwave and Optoelectronics Conference (IMOC)
Publisher	IEEE
Pages	1-3
Number of pages	3
ISBN (Electronic)	979-8-3503-9275-3
ISBN (Print)	979-8-3503-9275-3, 979-8-3503-9276-0
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1109/imoc65414.2025.11365684
Publication status	Published (in print/issue) - 3 Feb 2026

Keywords

Antenna measurements
Microwave antennas
Patch antennas
Design methodology
Microstrip antennas
Microwave communication
Fractals
Mathematical models
Reflection coefficient
Microstrip

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10.1109/imoc65414.2025.11365684

Cite this

Da Silva, M. S., De Araújo, A. L. M., De Sousa, L. O., Sarmento, L. A., De Araujo, J. A. I., De Holanda, S. M., Machado, G. G., & Da Silva, I. B. T. (2026). Miniaturization Behavior of Microstrip Patch Antenna Modified by Firat-Based Circular Fractal. In 2025 SBMO/IEEE MTT-S International Microwave and Optoelectronics Conference (IMOC) (pp. 1-3). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/imoc65414.2025.11365684

@inproceedings{87c3ff6b19d7435b8bc5968367d18c3e,

title = "Miniaturization Behavior of Microstrip Patch Antenna Modified by Firat-Based Circular Fractal",

abstract = "This work investigates the performance of a circular antenna using Firat-based circular fractal modeling. A circular mathematical description suitable for Firat's fractal model is presented, based on previous studies. Two frequencies were chosen for study, 2 GHz and 4 GHz, with 4 iterations applied to both antennas. Reflection coefficient was measured and compared with simulations, where a maximum difference of 3.72\% was achieved, and a minimum of 1.94\%, between the results. Measured miniaturization factors are analyzed to assess the feasibility of the Firat fractal. The results demonstrate the potential for miniaturization, with maximum factor values of 25.43\%.",

keywords = "Antenna measurements, Microwave antennas, Patch antennas, Design methodology, Microstrip antennas, Microwave communication, Fractals, Mathematical models, Reflection coefficient, Microstrip",

author = "\{Da Silva\}, \{Mirelli S.\} and \{De Ara{\'u}jo\}, \{Alyson Leite M.\} and \{De Sousa\}, \{Leonardo O.\} and Sarmento, \{Lucas A.\} and \{De Araujo\}, \{Jorge A. I.\} and \{De Holanda\}, \{Samanta M.\} and Machado, \{Gabriel G.\} and \{Da Silva\}, \{Isaac B. T.\}",

year = "2026",

month = feb,

day = "3",

doi = "10.1109/imoc65414.2025.11365684",

language = "English",

isbn = "979-8-3503-9275-3",

pages = "1--3",

booktitle = "2025 SBMO/IEEE MTT-S International Microwave and Optoelectronics Conference (IMOC)",

publisher = "IEEE",

address = "United States",

}

Miniaturization Behavior of Microstrip Patch Antenna Modified by Firat-Based Circular Fractal. / Da Silva, Mirelli S.; De Araújo, Alyson Leite M.; De Sousa, Leonardo O. et al.
2025 SBMO/IEEE MTT-S International Microwave and Optoelectronics Conference (IMOC). IEEE, 2026. p. 1-3.

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution › peer-review

TY - GEN

T1 - Miniaturization Behavior of Microstrip Patch Antenna Modified by Firat-Based Circular Fractal

AU - Da Silva, Mirelli S.

AU - De Araújo, Alyson Leite M.

AU - De Sousa, Leonardo O.

AU - Sarmento, Lucas A.

AU - De Araujo, Jorge A. I.

AU - De Holanda, Samanta M.

AU - Machado, Gabriel G.

AU - Da Silva, Isaac B. T.

PY - 2026/2/3

Y1 - 2026/2/3

N2 - This work investigates the performance of a circular antenna using Firat-based circular fractal modeling. A circular mathematical description suitable for Firat's fractal model is presented, based on previous studies. Two frequencies were chosen for study, 2 GHz and 4 GHz, with 4 iterations applied to both antennas. Reflection coefficient was measured and compared with simulations, where a maximum difference of 3.72% was achieved, and a minimum of 1.94%, between the results. Measured miniaturization factors are analyzed to assess the feasibility of the Firat fractal. The results demonstrate the potential for miniaturization, with maximum factor values of 25.43%.

AB - This work investigates the performance of a circular antenna using Firat-based circular fractal modeling. A circular mathematical description suitable for Firat's fractal model is presented, based on previous studies. Two frequencies were chosen for study, 2 GHz and 4 GHz, with 4 iterations applied to both antennas. Reflection coefficient was measured and compared with simulations, where a maximum difference of 3.72% was achieved, and a minimum of 1.94%, between the results. Measured miniaturization factors are analyzed to assess the feasibility of the Firat fractal. The results demonstrate the potential for miniaturization, with maximum factor values of 25.43%.

KW - Antenna measurements

KW - Microwave antennas

KW - Patch antennas

KW - Design methodology

KW - Microstrip antennas

KW - Microwave communication

KW - Fractals

KW - Mathematical models

KW - Reflection coefficient

KW - Microstrip

UR - https://pure.ulster.ac.uk/en/publications/87c3ff6b-19d7-435b-8bc5-968367d18c3e

U2 - 10.1109/imoc65414.2025.11365684

DO - 10.1109/imoc65414.2025.11365684

M3 - Conference contribution

SN - 979-8-3503-9275-3

SN - 979-8-3503-9276-0

SP - 1

EP - 3

BT - 2025 SBMO/IEEE MTT-S International Microwave and Optoelectronics Conference (IMOC)

PB - IEEE

ER -

Miniaturization Behavior of Microstrip Patch Antenna Modified by Firat-Based Circular Fractal

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