Janus particle synthesis: Via aligned non-concentric angular nozzles and electrohydrodynamic co-flow for tunable drug release

A novel non-concentric, symmetrical spinneret possessing aligned nozzles with angular outlets was designed and manufactured. The device was used to synthesize Janus particles by atomizing co-flowing formulations at relatively high electric fields (up to ∼15 kV). By manipulating the nozzle outlet angle, the maximum applied voltage permitting stable co-jetting was enhanced; enabling the production of finer droplets and, thus, microparticles. Furthermore, non-concentric co-flow, process optimization and stable atomization yielded Janus particles with distinct morphological features which were then used to demonstrate tunable drug release.