Influence of Ambient Temperature on Part Distortion: A Simulation Study on Amorphous and Semi-Crystalline Polymer

Anto Antony Samy; Atefeh Golbang; Eileen Harkin-Jones; Edward Archer; Monali Dahale; Alistair McIlhagger

doi:10.3390/polym14050879

Influence of Ambient Temperature on Part Distortion: A Simulation Study on Amorphous and Semi-Crystalline Polymer

Anto Antony Samy, Atefeh Golbang, Eileen Harkin-Jones, Edward Archer, Monali Dahale, Alistair McIlhagger

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

19 Citations (Scopus)

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Abstract

Semi-crystalline polymers develop higher amounts of residual stress and part distortion (warpage) compared to amorphous polymers due to their crystalline nature. Additionally, the FDM processing parameters such as ambient temperature play an important role in the resulting residual stresses and part distortion of the printed part. Hence, in this study, the effect of ambient temperature on the in-built residual stresses and warpage of amorphous acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) and semi-crystalline polypropylene (PP) polymers was investigated. From the results, it was observed that increasing the ambient temperature from 50 °C to 75 °C and further to 120 °C resulted in 0.22-KPa and 0.37-KPa decreases in residual stress of ABS, but no significant change in the amount of warpage. For PP, increasing ambient temperature from 50 °C to 75 °C led to a more considerable decrease in residual stress (0.5 MPa) and about 3% increase in warpage. Further increasing to 120 °C resulted in a noticeable 2 MPa decrease in residual stress and a 3.4% increase in warpage. Reduction in residual stress in both ABS and PP as a result of increasing ambient temperature was due to the reduced thermal gradients. The enhanced warpage in PP with increase in ambient temperature, despite the reduction in residual stress, was ascribed to crystallization and shrinkage.

Original language	English
Article number	879
Pages (from-to)	1-15
Number of pages	15
Journal	Polymers
Volume	14
Issue number	5
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.3390/polym14050879
Publication status	Published (in print/issue) - 23 Feb 2022

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
The North West Centre for Advanced Manufacturing (NW CAM) project is supported by the European Union?s INTERREG VA Programme (INT-VA/047), managed by the Special EU Programmes Body (SEUPB). The views and opinions in this document do not necessarily reflect those of the European Commission or the Special EU Programmes Body (SEUPB). If you would like further information about NW CAM, please contact the lead partner, Catalyst, for details.

Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.

Funding Information:
Funding: The North West Centre for Advanced Manufacturing (NW CAM) project is supported by the European Union’s INTERREG VA Programme (INT-VA/047), managed by the Special EU Programmes Body (SEUPB). The views and opinions in this document do not necessarily reflect those of the European Commission or the Special EU Programmes Body (SEUPB). If you would like further information about NW CAM, please contact the lead partner, Catalyst, for details.

Funding Information:
The North West Centre for Advanced Manufacturing (NW CAM) project is supported by the European Union?s INTERREG VA Programme (INT-VA/047), managed by the Special EU Programmes Body (SEUPB). The views and opinions in this document do not necessarily reflect those of the European Commission or the Special EU Programmes Body (SEUPB). If you would like further information about NW CAM, please contact the lead partner, Catalyst, for details.

Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.

Funding

Funding Information: The North West Centre for Advanced Manufacturing (NW CAM) project is supported by the European Union?s INTERREG VA Programme (INT-VA/047), managed by the Special EU Programmes Body (SEUPB). The views and opinions in this document do not necessarily reflect those of the European Commission or the Special EU Programmes Body (SEUPB). If you would like further information about NW CAM, please contact the lead partner, Catalyst, for details. Publisher Copyright: © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. Funding Information: Funding: The North West Centre for Advanced Manufacturing (NW CAM) project is supported by the European Union’s INTERREG VA Programme (INT-VA/047), managed by the Special EU Programmes Body (SEUPB). The views and opinions in this document do not necessarily reflect those of the European Commission or the Special EU Programmes Body (SEUPB). If you would like further information about NW CAM, please contact the lead partner, Catalyst, for details. Funding Information: The North West Centre for Advanced Manufacturing (NW CAM) project is supported by the European Union?s INTERREG VA Programme (INT-VA/047), managed by the Special EU Programmes Body (SEUPB). The views and opinions in this document do not necessarily reflect those of the European Commission or the Special EU Programmes Body (SEUPB). If you would like further information about NW CAM, please contact the lead partner, Catalyst, for details. Publisher Copyright: © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.

Keywords

fused deposition modeling (FDM)
polymers
warpage
residual stress
finite element analysis (FEA)
Fused deposition modeling (FDM)
Warpage
Polymers
Finite element analysis (FEA)
Residual stress

Access to Document

10.3390/polym14050879

polymers-14-00879-v2.pdfFinal published version, 3.12 MBLicence: CC BY

Cite this

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title = "Influence of Ambient Temperature on Part Distortion: A Simulation Study on Amorphous and Semi-Crystalline Polymer",

abstract = "Semi-crystalline polymers develop higher amounts of residual stress and part distortion (warpage) compared to amorphous polymers due to their crystalline nature. Additionally, the FDM processing parameters such as ambient temperature play an important role in the resulting residual stresses and part distortion of the printed part. Hence, in this study, the effect of ambient temperature on the in-built residual stresses and warpage of amorphous acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) and semi-crystalline polypropylene (PP) polymers was investigated. From the results, it was observed that increasing the ambient temperature from 50 °C to 75 °C and further to 120 °C resulted in 0.22-KPa and 0.37-KPa decreases in residual stress of ABS, but no significant change in the amount of warpage. For PP, increasing ambient temperature from 50 °C to 75 °C led to a more considerable decrease in residual stress (0.5 MPa) and about 3\% increase in warpage. Further increasing to 120 °C resulted in a noticeable 2 MPa decrease in residual stress and a 3.4\% increase in warpage. Reduction in residual stress in both ABS and PP as a result of increasing ambient temperature was due to the reduced thermal gradients. The enhanced warpage in PP with increase in ambient temperature, despite the reduction in residual stress, was ascribed to crystallization and shrinkage.",

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author = "\{Antony Samy\}, Anto and Atefeh Golbang and Eileen Harkin-Jones and Edward Archer and Monali Dahale and Alistair McIlhagger",

note = "Funding Information: The North West Centre for Advanced Manufacturing (NW CAM) project is supported by the European Union?s INTERREG VA Programme (INT-VA/047), managed by the Special EU Programmes Body (SEUPB). The views and opinions in this document do not necessarily reflect those of the European Commission or the Special EU Programmes Body (SEUPB). If you would like further information about NW CAM, please contact the lead partner, Catalyst, for details. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. Funding Information: Funding: The North West Centre for Advanced Manufacturing (NW CAM) project is supported by the European Union{\textquoteright}s INTERREG VA Programme (INT-VA/047), managed by the Special EU Programmes Body (SEUPB). The views and opinions in this document do not necessarily reflect those of the European Commission or the Special EU Programmes Body (SEUPB). If you would like further information about NW CAM, please contact the lead partner, Catalyst, for details. Funding Information: The North West Centre for Advanced Manufacturing (NW CAM) project is supported by the European Union?s INTERREG VA Programme (INT-VA/047), managed by the Special EU Programmes Body (SEUPB). The views and opinions in this document do not necessarily reflect those of the European Commission or the Special EU Programmes Body (SEUPB). If you would like further information about NW CAM, please contact the lead partner, Catalyst, for details. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.",

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AU - Archer, Edward

AU - Dahale, Monali

AU - McIlhagger, Alistair

N1 - Funding Information: The North West Centre for Advanced Manufacturing (NW CAM) project is supported by the European Union?s INTERREG VA Programme (INT-VA/047), managed by the Special EU Programmes Body (SEUPB). The views and opinions in this document do not necessarily reflect those of the European Commission or the Special EU Programmes Body (SEUPB). If you would like further information about NW CAM, please contact the lead partner, Catalyst, for details. Publisher Copyright: © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. Funding Information: Funding: The North West Centre for Advanced Manufacturing (NW CAM) project is supported by the European Union’s INTERREG VA Programme (INT-VA/047), managed by the Special EU Programmes Body (SEUPB). The views and opinions in this document do not necessarily reflect those of the European Commission or the Special EU Programmes Body (SEUPB). If you would like further information about NW CAM, please contact the lead partner, Catalyst, for details. Funding Information: The North West Centre for Advanced Manufacturing (NW CAM) project is supported by the European Union?s INTERREG VA Programme (INT-VA/047), managed by the Special EU Programmes Body (SEUPB). The views and opinions in this document do not necessarily reflect those of the European Commission or the Special EU Programmes Body (SEUPB). If you would like further information about NW CAM, please contact the lead partner, Catalyst, for details. Publisher Copyright: © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.

PY - 2022/2/23

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N2 - Semi-crystalline polymers develop higher amounts of residual stress and part distortion (warpage) compared to amorphous polymers due to their crystalline nature. Additionally, the FDM processing parameters such as ambient temperature play an important role in the resulting residual stresses and part distortion of the printed part. Hence, in this study, the effect of ambient temperature on the in-built residual stresses and warpage of amorphous acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) and semi-crystalline polypropylene (PP) polymers was investigated. From the results, it was observed that increasing the ambient temperature from 50 °C to 75 °C and further to 120 °C resulted in 0.22-KPa and 0.37-KPa decreases in residual stress of ABS, but no significant change in the amount of warpage. For PP, increasing ambient temperature from 50 °C to 75 °C led to a more considerable decrease in residual stress (0.5 MPa) and about 3% increase in warpage. Further increasing to 120 °C resulted in a noticeable 2 MPa decrease in residual stress and a 3.4% increase in warpage. Reduction in residual stress in both ABS and PP as a result of increasing ambient temperature was due to the reduced thermal gradients. The enhanced warpage in PP with increase in ambient temperature, despite the reduction in residual stress, was ascribed to crystallization and shrinkage.

AB - Semi-crystalline polymers develop higher amounts of residual stress and part distortion (warpage) compared to amorphous polymers due to their crystalline nature. Additionally, the FDM processing parameters such as ambient temperature play an important role in the resulting residual stresses and part distortion of the printed part. Hence, in this study, the effect of ambient temperature on the in-built residual stresses and warpage of amorphous acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) and semi-crystalline polypropylene (PP) polymers was investigated. From the results, it was observed that increasing the ambient temperature from 50 °C to 75 °C and further to 120 °C resulted in 0.22-KPa and 0.37-KPa decreases in residual stress of ABS, but no significant change in the amount of warpage. For PP, increasing ambient temperature from 50 °C to 75 °C led to a more considerable decrease in residual stress (0.5 MPa) and about 3% increase in warpage. Further increasing to 120 °C resulted in a noticeable 2 MPa decrease in residual stress and a 3.4% increase in warpage. Reduction in residual stress in both ABS and PP as a result of increasing ambient temperature was due to the reduced thermal gradients. The enhanced warpage in PP with increase in ambient temperature, despite the reduction in residual stress, was ascribed to crystallization and shrinkage.

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KW - Fused deposition modeling (FDM)

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KW - Finite element analysis (FEA)

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Influence of Ambient Temperature on Part Distortion: A Simulation Study on Amorphous and Semi-Crystalline Polymer

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Funding

Keywords

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Development of simulation models for additive manufacturing semi-crystalline polymers

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Influence of Ambient Temperature on Part Distortion: A Simulation Study on Amorphous and Semi-Crystalline Polymer

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Funding

Keywords

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Student theses

Development of simulation models for additive manufacturing semi-crystalline polymers

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