Individual Characteristics Associated with Active Travel in Low and High Income Groups in the UK

Brian A. Lawlor; John A. Hunter; Deepti Adlakha; F Kee; Mark Tully

doi:10.3390/ijerph181910360

Individual Characteristics Associated with Active Travel in Low and High Income Groups in the UK

Brian A. Lawlor, John A. Hunter, Deepti Adlakha, F Kee, Mark Tully

University of Cambridge

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

3 Citations (Scopus)

62 Downloads (Pure)

Abstract

Active travel (AT) has gained increasing attention as a way of addressing low levels of physical activity. However, little is known regarding the relationship between income and AT. The aim of this study was to investigate characteristics associated with undertaking AT in an adult population and by low- and high-income groups. Data collected from the Physical Activity and the Rejuvenation of Connswater (PARC) study in 2017 were used. Participants were categorised into socio-economic groups according to their weekly household income, and were categorised as participating in ‘no’ AT or ‘some’ AT and ‘sufficient’ AT. Multivariable logistic regression explored characteristics associated with AT in the full cohort, and the low- and high-income groups separately. Variables associated with AT in the low-income group were body mass index (BMI), physical activity self-efficacy, marital status, long term illness, difficulty walking and housing tenure. For the high-income group, BMI, marital status, housing tenure and education were associated with AT. For both income groups, there were consistent positive associations with the action/maintenance phase of the stage of change model across all AT categories. The findings suggest that population sub-groups may benefit from targeted initiatives to support engagement in AT and prevent further widening of inequalities.

Original language	English
Article number	10360
Journal	International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
Volume	18
Issue number	19
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph181910360
Publication status	Published (in print/issue) - 1 Oct 2021

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
Funding: This research was supported by funding from the National Prevention Research Initiative (NPRI) (grant number G0802045) and their funding partners (Alzheimer’s Research Trust; Alzheimer’s Society; Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council; British Heart Foundation; Cancer Research UK; Chief Scientist Office, Scottish Government Health Directorate; Department of Health; Diabetes UK; Economic and Social Research Council; Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council; Health and Social Care Research and Development Division of the Public Health Agency (HSC R&D Division); Medical Research Council; The Stroke Association; Welsh Assembly Government; and World Cancer Research Fund (http://www.mrc.ac.uk/research/initiatives/national-prevention-research-initiative-npri/) (accessed on 29 June 2021).

Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.

Funding

Funding Information: Funding: This research was supported by funding from the National Prevention Research Initiative (NPRI) (grant number G0802045) and their funding partners (Alzheimer’s Research Trust; Alzheimer’s Society; Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council; British Heart Foundation; Cancer Research UK; Chief Scientist Office, Scottish Government Health Directorate; Department of Health; Diabetes UK; Economic and Social Research Council; Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council; Health and Social Care Research and Development Division of the Public Health Agency (HSC R&D Division); Medical Research Council; The Stroke Association; Welsh Assembly Government; and World Cancer Research Fund (http://www.mrc.ac.uk/research/initiatives/national-prevention-research-initiative-npri/) (accessed on 29 June 2021). Publisher Copyright: © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.

Keywords

active travel
income
walking
cycling
Body Mass Index
Travel
Poverty
Humans
Income
Adult
United Kingdom
Cycling
Walking
Active travel

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

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ijerph-18-10360.pdfFinal published version, 346 KBLicence: CC BY

Cite this

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title = "Individual Characteristics Associated with Active Travel in Low and High Income Groups in the UK",

abstract = "Active travel (AT) has gained increasing attention as a way of addressing low levels of physical activity. However, little is known regarding the relationship between income and AT. The aim of this study was to investigate characteristics associated with undertaking AT in an adult population and by low- and high-income groups. Data collected from the Physical Activity and the Rejuvenation of Connswater (PARC) study in 2017 were used. Participants were categorised into socio-economic groups according to their weekly household income, and were categorised as participating in {\textquoteleft}no{\textquoteright} AT or {\textquoteleft}some{\textquoteright} AT and {\textquoteleft}sufficient{\textquoteright} AT. Multivariable logistic regression explored characteristics associated with AT in the full cohort, and the low- and high-income groups separately. Variables associated with AT in the low-income group were body mass index (BMI), physical activity self-efficacy, marital status, long term illness, difficulty walking and housing tenure. For the high-income group, BMI, marital status, housing tenure and education were associated with AT. For both income groups, there were consistent positive associations with the action/maintenance phase of the stage of change model across all AT categories. The findings suggest that population sub-groups may benefit from targeted initiatives to support engagement in AT and prevent further widening of inequalities.",

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author = "Lawlor, \{Brian A.\} and Hunter, \{John A.\} and Deepti Adlakha and F Kee and Mark Tully",

note = "Funding Information: Funding: This research was supported by funding from the National Prevention Research Initiative (NPRI) (grant number G0802045) and their funding partners (Alzheimer{\textquoteright}s Research Trust; Alzheimer{\textquoteright}s Society; Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council; British Heart Foundation; Cancer Research UK; Chief Scientist Office, Scottish Government Health Directorate; Department of Health; Diabetes UK; Economic and Social Research Council; Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council; Health and Social Care Research and Development Division of the Public Health Agency (HSC R\&D Division); Medical Research Council; The Stroke Association; Welsh Assembly Government; and World Cancer Research Fund (http://www.mrc.ac.uk/research/initiatives/national-prevention-research-initiative-npri/) (accessed on 29 June 2021). Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.",

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AU - Adlakha, Deepti

AU - Kee, F

AU - Tully, Mark

N1 - Funding Information: Funding: This research was supported by funding from the National Prevention Research Initiative (NPRI) (grant number G0802045) and their funding partners (Alzheimer’s Research Trust; Alzheimer’s Society; Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council; British Heart Foundation; Cancer Research UK; Chief Scientist Office, Scottish Government Health Directorate; Department of Health; Diabetes UK; Economic and Social Research Council; Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council; Health and Social Care Research and Development Division of the Public Health Agency (HSC R&D Division); Medical Research Council; The Stroke Association; Welsh Assembly Government; and World Cancer Research Fund (http://www.mrc.ac.uk/research/initiatives/national-prevention-research-initiative-npri/) (accessed on 29 June 2021). Publisher Copyright: © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.

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N2 - Active travel (AT) has gained increasing attention as a way of addressing low levels of physical activity. However, little is known regarding the relationship between income and AT. The aim of this study was to investigate characteristics associated with undertaking AT in an adult population and by low- and high-income groups. Data collected from the Physical Activity and the Rejuvenation of Connswater (PARC) study in 2017 were used. Participants were categorised into socio-economic groups according to their weekly household income, and were categorised as participating in ‘no’ AT or ‘some’ AT and ‘sufficient’ AT. Multivariable logistic regression explored characteristics associated with AT in the full cohort, and the low- and high-income groups separately. Variables associated with AT in the low-income group were body mass index (BMI), physical activity self-efficacy, marital status, long term illness, difficulty walking and housing tenure. For the high-income group, BMI, marital status, housing tenure and education were associated with AT. For both income groups, there were consistent positive associations with the action/maintenance phase of the stage of change model across all AT categories. The findings suggest that population sub-groups may benefit from targeted initiatives to support engagement in AT and prevent further widening of inequalities.

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KW - Cycling

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SN - 1660-4601

VL - 18

JO - International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health

JF - International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health

IS - 19

M1 - 10360

ER -

Individual Characteristics Associated with Active Travel in Low and High Income Groups in the UK

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Funding

Keywords

UN SDGs

Access to Document

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Cite this