In Situ Assessment of EMF Exposure Across Urban Districts of Samsun, Türkiye

Caner Ali Aslan; Begum Korunur Engiz; Cetin Kurnaz; Adnan Ahmad Cheema; Teoman Karadag

doi:10.3390/electronics15010068

In Situ Assessment of EMF Exposure Across Urban Districts of Samsun, Türkiye

Caner Ali Aslan
, Begum Korunur Engiz
, Cetin Kurnaz
, Adnan Ahmad Cheema
, Teoman Karadag

Inonu University

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

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Abstract

This study offers a comprehensive in situ measurement and assessment of electromagnetic field (EMF) exposure in the central urban districts of Samsun, Türkiye, focusing on low-frequency magnetic flux density (BLF) and radiofrequency electric field strength (ERF). Drive-test measurements were performed across Atakum, İlkadım, and Canik districts to capture spatial variability and identify primary exposure sources. Band-selective analysis revealed that downlink (DL) transmissions are the main contributors to total ERF exposure, indicating that base station emissions dominate the exposed ERF levels in the environment. Six-minute averaged BLF and ERF values account for temporal fluctuations and confirm that exposure remains well below recommended limits. A one-way ANOVA test indicated that the differences in exposure levels among the three districts were not statistically significant. These findings provide a detailed spatial evaluation of EMF exposure in a large metropolitan region, demonstrating the value of integrated BLF and ERF measurements for environmental monitoring.

Original language	English
Article number	68
Pages (from-to)	1-21
Number of pages	21
Journal	Electronics
Volume	15
Issue number	1
Early online date	22 Dec 2025
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics15010068
Publication status	Published (in print/issue) - 1 Jan 2026

Bibliographical note

Publisher Copyright:
© 2025 by the authors.

Data Access Statement

The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

Funding

This research received no external funding.

Keywords

in situ measurements
electromagnetic field exposure
; magnetic flux density
electric field strength
spatial distribution
urban environment
magnetic flux density

Access to Document

10.3390/electronics15010068

electronics-15-00068-v2Final published version, 9.98 MBLicence: CC BY

Cite this

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title = "In Situ Assessment of EMF Exposure Across Urban Districts of Samsun, T{\"u}rkiye",

abstract = "This study offers a comprehensive in situ measurement and assessment of electromagnetic field (EMF) exposure in the central urban districts of Samsun, T{\"u}rkiye, focusing on low-frequency magnetic flux density (BLF) and radiofrequency electric field strength (ERF). Drive-test measurements were performed across Atakum, İlkadım, and Canik districts to capture spatial variability and identify primary exposure sources. Band-selective analysis revealed that downlink (DL) transmissions are the main contributors to total ERF exposure, indicating that base station emissions dominate the exposed ERF levels in the environment. Six-minute averaged BLF and ERF values account for temporal fluctuations and confirm that exposure remains well below recommended limits. A one-way ANOVA test indicated that the differences in exposure levels among the three districts were not statistically significant. These findings provide a detailed spatial evaluation of EMF exposure in a large metropolitan region, demonstrating the value of integrated BLF and ERF measurements for environmental monitoring.",

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T1 - In Situ Assessment of EMF Exposure Across Urban Districts of Samsun, Türkiye

AU - Aslan, Caner Ali

AU - Korunur Engiz, Begum

AU - Kurnaz, Cetin

AU - Cheema, Adnan Ahmad

AU - Karadag, Teoman

PY - 2026/1/1

Y1 - 2026/1/1

N2 - This study offers a comprehensive in situ measurement and assessment of electromagnetic field (EMF) exposure in the central urban districts of Samsun, Türkiye, focusing on low-frequency magnetic flux density (BLF) and radiofrequency electric field strength (ERF). Drive-test measurements were performed across Atakum, İlkadım, and Canik districts to capture spatial variability and identify primary exposure sources. Band-selective analysis revealed that downlink (DL) transmissions are the main contributors to total ERF exposure, indicating that base station emissions dominate the exposed ERF levels in the environment. Six-minute averaged BLF and ERF values account for temporal fluctuations and confirm that exposure remains well below recommended limits. A one-way ANOVA test indicated that the differences in exposure levels among the three districts were not statistically significant. These findings provide a detailed spatial evaluation of EMF exposure in a large metropolitan region, demonstrating the value of integrated BLF and ERF measurements for environmental monitoring.

AB - This study offers a comprehensive in situ measurement and assessment of electromagnetic field (EMF) exposure in the central urban districts of Samsun, Türkiye, focusing on low-frequency magnetic flux density (BLF) and radiofrequency electric field strength (ERF). Drive-test measurements were performed across Atakum, İlkadım, and Canik districts to capture spatial variability and identify primary exposure sources. Band-selective analysis revealed that downlink (DL) transmissions are the main contributors to total ERF exposure, indicating that base station emissions dominate the exposed ERF levels in the environment. Six-minute averaged BLF and ERF values account for temporal fluctuations and confirm that exposure remains well below recommended limits. A one-way ANOVA test indicated that the differences in exposure levels among the three districts were not statistically significant. These findings provide a detailed spatial evaluation of EMF exposure in a large metropolitan region, demonstrating the value of integrated BLF and ERF measurements for environmental monitoring.

KW - in situ measurements

KW - electromagnetic field exposure

KW - ; magnetic flux density

KW - electric field strength

KW - spatial distribution

KW - urban environment

KW - magnetic flux density

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DO - 10.3390/electronics15010068

M3 - Article

SN - 2079-9292

VL - 15

SP - 1

EP - 21

JO - Electronics

JF - Electronics

IS - 1

M1 - 68

ER -

In Situ Assessment of EMF Exposure Across Urban Districts of Samsun, Türkiye

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Data Access Statement

Funding

Keywords

Access to Document

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