‘I can’t do this anymore’: A Qualitative Study of Familial Stigma in Mental Illness from the Perspectives of Caregiving Family Members

Individuals with lived experience of mental illness are not the only ones affected by stigma; close family members who provide daily care may also encounter or inadvertently contribute to stigma through their association. Familial stigma often stems from public stigma and stigma by association, intensifying societal judgments toward both individuals with mental illness and their families. This study, based on semi-structured interviews with 13 immediate family carers in Northern Ireland, explores experiences of familial stigma. All participants were female carers, highlighting the gendered nature of caregiving roles and the disproportionate burden placed on women in supporting relatives with mental illness. Participants reported stigma through estrangement, shame, isolation, judgment, and criticism from extended family, friends, colleagues, and healthcare professionals. Some familial relationships were strengthened by support, while others were strained by stigma-related challenges. Several families also expressed shame around discussing stigma, with some withdrawing from participation due to fears of judgment or blame. Despite these challenges, participants shared strategies for fostering supportive environments and confronting stigma. Adult children and spousal carers reported distinct experiences, emphasizing the influence of caregiving roles. Although some initially denied experiencing stigma, deeper discussions revealed underlying signs of stigmatizing experiences. These findings highlight the need for tailored education and emotional support for family carers, alongside training for mental health professionals to recognize familial roles and address family concerns. Though this research is ongoing, emerging themes include the burden of care, emotional responses, relationship dynamics, and family support.