Fusion of Unobtrusive Sensing Solutions for Sprained Ankle Rehabilitation Exercises Monitoring in Home Environments

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Abstract

The ability to monitor Sprained Ankle Rehabilitation Exercises (SPAREs) in home environments can help therapists ascertain if exercises have been performed as prescribed. Whilst wearable devices have been shown to provide advantages such as high accuracy and precision during monitoring activities, disadvantages such as limited battery life and users’ inability to remember to charge and wear the devices are often the challenges for their usage. In addition, video cameras, which are notable for high frame rates and granularity, are not privacy-friendly. Therefore, this paper proposes the use and fusion of privacy-friendly and Unobtrusive Sensing Solutions (USSs) for data collection and processing during SPAREs in home environments. The present work aims to monitor SPAREs such as dorsiflexion, plantarflexion, inversion, and eversion using radar and thermal sensors. The main contributions of this paper include (i) privacy-friendly monitoring of SPAREs in a home environment, (ii) fusion of SPAREs data from homogeneous and heterogeneous USSs, and (iii) analysis and comparison of results from single, homogeneous, and heterogeneous USSs. Experimental results indicated the advantages of using heterogeneous USSs and data fusion. Cluster-based analysis of data gleaned from the sensors indicated an average classification accuracy of 96.9% with Neural Network, AdaBoost, and Support Vector Machine, amongst others.
Original languageEnglish
Article number7560
Pages (from-to)1-17
Number of pages17
JournalSensors
Volume21
Issue number22
Early online date13 Nov 2021
DOIs
Publication statusPublished online - 13 Nov 2021

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
Acknowledgments: Research is funded by the EU’s INTERREG VA program, managed by the Special EU Program Body (SEUPB).

Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.

Keywords

  • Unobtrusive Sensing
  • Data Fusion
  • Data Mining
  • Radar Sensing
  • Thermal Sensing
  • Sprained Ankle
  • Infrared Thermopile Array
  • home environment
  • Infrared thermopile array
  • Thermal sensing
  • Radar sensing
  • Data mining
  • Home environment
  • Unobtrusive sensing
  • Sprained ankle
  • Data fusion

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