TY - JOUR
T1 - Food intake following gastric bypass surgery: patients eat less but do not eat differently
AU - Livingstone, Barbara
AU - Redpath, Tamsyn L.
AU - Naseer, Fathimath
AU - Boyd, Adele
AU - Martin, Melanie
AU - Finlayson, Graham
AU - Miras, Alexander
AU - Bodnar , Zsolt
AU - Kerrigan, David
AU - Pournaras, Dimitri J.
AU - Le Roux, CW
AU - Spector, Alan C.
AU - Price, RK
N1 - © The Author(s) 2022. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the American Society for Nutrition.
PY - 2022/11/1
Y1 - 2022/11/1
N2 - Background Lack of robust research methodology for assessing ingestive behavior has impeded clarification of the mediators of food intake following gastric bypass (GBP) surgery. Objectives To evaluate changes in directly measured 24-h energy intake (EI), energy density (ED) (primary outcomes), eating patterns, and food preferences (secondary outcomes) in patients and time-matched weight-stable comparator participants. Methods Patients [n = 31, 77% female, BMI (in kg/m2) 45.5 ± 1.3] and comparators (n = 32, 47% female, BMI 27.2 ± 0.8) were assessed for 36 h under fully residential conditions at baseline (1 mo presurgery) and at 3 and 12 mo postsurgery. Participants had ad libitum access to a personalized menu (n = 54 foods) based on a 6-macronutrient mix paradigm. Food preferences were assessed by the Leeds Food Preference Questionnaire. Body composition was measured by whole-body DXA. Results In the comparator group, there was an increase in relative fat intake at 3 mo postsurgery; otherwise, no changes were observed in food intake or body composition. At 12 mo postsurgery, patients lost 27.7 ± 1.6% of initial body weight (P < 0.001). The decline in EI at 3 mo postsurgery (–44% from baseline, P < 0.001) was followed by a partial rebound at 12 mo (–18% from baseline), but at both times, dietary ED and relative macronutrient intake remained constant. The decline in EI was due to eating the same foods as consumed presurgery and by decreasing the size (g, MJ), but not the number, of eating occasions. In patients, reduction in explicit liking at 3 mo (–11.56 ± 4.67, P = 0.007) and implicit wanting at 3 (–15.75 ± 7.76, P = 0.01) and 12 mo (–15.18 ± 6.52, P = 0.022) for sweet foods were not matched by reduced intake of these foods. Patients with the greatest reduction in ED postsurgery reduced both EI and preference for sweet foods. Conclusions After GBP, patients continue to eat the same foods but in smaller amounts. These findings challenge prevailing views about the dynamics of food intake following GBP surgery. This trial was registered as clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03113305.
AB - Background Lack of robust research methodology for assessing ingestive behavior has impeded clarification of the mediators of food intake following gastric bypass (GBP) surgery. Objectives To evaluate changes in directly measured 24-h energy intake (EI), energy density (ED) (primary outcomes), eating patterns, and food preferences (secondary outcomes) in patients and time-matched weight-stable comparator participants. Methods Patients [n = 31, 77% female, BMI (in kg/m2) 45.5 ± 1.3] and comparators (n = 32, 47% female, BMI 27.2 ± 0.8) were assessed for 36 h under fully residential conditions at baseline (1 mo presurgery) and at 3 and 12 mo postsurgery. Participants had ad libitum access to a personalized menu (n = 54 foods) based on a 6-macronutrient mix paradigm. Food preferences were assessed by the Leeds Food Preference Questionnaire. Body composition was measured by whole-body DXA. Results In the comparator group, there was an increase in relative fat intake at 3 mo postsurgery; otherwise, no changes were observed in food intake or body composition. At 12 mo postsurgery, patients lost 27.7 ± 1.6% of initial body weight (P < 0.001). The decline in EI at 3 mo postsurgery (–44% from baseline, P < 0.001) was followed by a partial rebound at 12 mo (–18% from baseline), but at both times, dietary ED and relative macronutrient intake remained constant. The decline in EI was due to eating the same foods as consumed presurgery and by decreasing the size (g, MJ), but not the number, of eating occasions. In patients, reduction in explicit liking at 3 mo (–11.56 ± 4.67, P = 0.007) and implicit wanting at 3 (–15.75 ± 7.76, P = 0.01) and 12 mo (–15.18 ± 6.52, P = 0.022) for sweet foods were not matched by reduced intake of these foods. Patients with the greatest reduction in ED postsurgery reduced both EI and preference for sweet foods. Conclusions After GBP, patients continue to eat the same foods but in smaller amounts. These findings challenge prevailing views about the dynamics of food intake following GBP surgery. This trial was registered as clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03113305.
KW - gastric bypass
KW - energy intake
KW - energy density
KW - eating patterns
KW - food preferences
UR - https://pure.ulster.ac.uk/en/publications/ad44c4f2-73f3-45a6-8c18-93c8c4d454d7
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85143426247&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1093/jn/nxac164
DO - 10.1093/jn/nxac164
M3 - Article
C2 - 35870806
SN - 0022-3166
VL - 152
SP - 2319
EP - 2332
JO - Journal of Nutrition
JF - Journal of Nutrition
IS - 11
ER -