Expanding the portfolio of tribo-positive materials: aniline formaldehyde condensates for high charge density triboelectric nanogenerators

Pengfei Zhao; Navneet Soin; Amit Kumar; Lin Shi; Shaoliang  Guan; Christos Tsonos; Ziong Yu; Sekhar C. Ray; James McLaughlin; Zhigang Zhu; Erping Zhou; Junfeng Geng; Chan H. See; Jikui Luo

doi:10.1016/j.nanoen.2019.104291

Expanding the portfolio of tribo-positive materials: aniline formaldehyde condensates for high charge density triboelectric nanogenerators

Pengfei Zhao, Navneet Soin, Amit Kumar, Lin Shi, Shaoliang Guan, Christos Tsonos, Ziong Yu, Sekhar C. Ray, James McLaughlin, Zhigang Zhu, Erping Zhou, Junfeng Geng, Chan H. See, Jikui Luo

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Abstract

The rapid uptake of energy harvesting triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) for self-powered electronics requires the development of high-performance tribo-materials capable of providing large power outputs. This work reports on the synthesis and use of aniline formaldehyde resin (AFR) for energy-harvesting applications. The facile, acidic-medium reaction between aniline and formaldehyde produces the aniline-formaldehyde condensate, which upon an in-vacuo high temperature curing step provides smooth AFR films with abundant nitrogen and oxygen surface functional groups which can acquire a tribo-positive charge and thus endow AFR with a significantly higher positive tribo-polarity than the existing state-of-art polyamide-6 (PA6). A TENG comprising of optimized thin-layered AFR against a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) film produced a peak-to-peak voltage of up to ~1,000 V, a current density of ~65 mA m-2, a transferred charge density of ~200 μC m-2 and an instantaneous power output (energy pulse) of ~11 W m-2 (28.1 μJ cycle-1), respectively. The suitability of AFR was further supported through the Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) measurements, which reveal a significantly higher average surface potential value of 1.147 V for AFR as compared to 0.87 V for PA6 and a step-by-step increase of the surface potential with the increase of energy generation cycles. The work not only proposes a novel and scalable mouldable AFR synthesis process but also expands with excellent prospects, the current portfolio of tribo-positive materials for triboelectric energy harvesting applications.

Original language	English
Article number	104291
Journal	Nano Energy
Volume	67
Early online date	14 Nov 2019
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoen.2019.104291
Publication status	Published (in print/issue) - 1 Jan 2020

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
N. Soin gratefully acknowledges the partial financial support received from the National Research Foundation ( NRF ), South Africa (Grant No. ECR180426324617 ). Authors N. Soin, J. Luo and C. H. See would also like to acknowledge the support received from University of Bolton through the Jenkinson Award scheme. The authors would also like to thank Dr John Benson at the Ulster University for his help with some initial XPS measurements. XPS data collection was performed at the EPSRC National Facility for XPS (‘HarwellXPS’), operated by Cardiff University and UCL, under contract No. PR16195. Appendix A

Publisher Copyright:
© 2019 Elsevier Ltd

Copyright:
Copyright 2019 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

Keywords

Aniline formaldehyde resins
KPFM
Surface potential
Tribo-positive polymers
Triboelectric nanogenerators

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

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10.1016/j.nanoen.2019.104291

Revised_Aniline Formaldehyde_Nano_Energy_R2Author Accepted Manuscript, 1.72 MB

Cite this

Zhao, P., Soin, N., Kumar, A., Shi, L., Guan, S., Tsonos, C., Yu, Z., Ray, S. C., McLaughlin, J., Zhu, Z., Zhou, E., Geng, J., See, C. H., & Luo, J. (2020). Expanding the portfolio of tribo-positive materials: aniline formaldehyde condensates for high charge density triboelectric nanogenerators. Nano Energy, 67, Article 104291. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoen.2019.104291

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abstract = "The rapid uptake of energy harvesting triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) for self-powered electronics requires the development of high-performance tribo-materials capable of providing large power outputs. This work reports on the synthesis and use of aniline formaldehyde resin (AFR) for energy-harvesting applications. The facile, acidic-medium reaction between aniline and formaldehyde produces the aniline-formaldehyde condensate, which upon an in-vacuo high temperature curing step provides smooth AFR films with abundant nitrogen and oxygen surface functional groups which can acquire a tribo-positive charge and thus endow AFR with a significantly higher positive tribo-polarity than the existing state-of-art polyamide-6 (PA6). A TENG comprising of optimized thin-layered AFR against a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) film produced a peak-to-peak voltage of up to ~1,000 V, a current density of ~65 mA m-2, a transferred charge density of ~200 μC m-2 and an instantaneous power output (energy pulse) of ~11 W m-2 (28.1 μJ cycle-1), respectively. The suitability of AFR was further supported through the Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) measurements, which reveal a significantly higher average surface potential value of 1.147 V for AFR as compared to 0.87 V for PA6 and a step-by-step increase of the surface potential with the increase of energy generation cycles. The work not only proposes a novel and scalable mouldable AFR synthesis process but also expands with excellent prospects, the current portfolio of tribo-positive materials for triboelectric energy harvesting applications.",

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author = "Pengfei Zhao and Navneet Soin and Amit Kumar and Lin Shi and Shaoliang Guan and Christos Tsonos and Ziong Yu and Ray, {Sekhar C.} and James McLaughlin and Zhigang Zhu and Erping Zhou and Junfeng Geng and See, {Chan H.} and Jikui Luo",

note = "Funding Information: N. Soin gratefully acknowledges the partial financial support received from the National Research Foundation ( NRF ), South Africa (Grant No. ECR180426324617 ). Authors N. Soin, J. Luo and C. H. See would also like to acknowledge the support received from University of Bolton through the Jenkinson Award scheme. The authors would also like to thank Dr John Benson at the Ulster University for his help with some initial XPS measurements. XPS data collection was performed at the EPSRC National Facility for XPS ({\textquoteleft}HarwellXPS{\textquoteright}), operated by Cardiff University and UCL, under contract No. PR16195. Appendix A Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2019 Elsevier Ltd Copyright: Copyright 2019 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.",

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AU - Zhao, Pengfei

AU - Soin, Navneet

AU - Kumar, Amit

AU - Shi, Lin

AU - Guan, Shaoliang

AU - Tsonos, Christos

AU - Yu, Ziong

AU - Ray, Sekhar C.

AU - McLaughlin, James

AU - Zhu, Zhigang

AU - Zhou, Erping

AU - Geng, Junfeng

AU - See, Chan H.

AU - Luo, Jikui

N1 - Funding Information: N. Soin gratefully acknowledges the partial financial support received from the National Research Foundation ( NRF ), South Africa (Grant No. ECR180426324617 ). Authors N. Soin, J. Luo and C. H. See would also like to acknowledge the support received from University of Bolton through the Jenkinson Award scheme. The authors would also like to thank Dr John Benson at the Ulster University for his help with some initial XPS measurements. XPS data collection was performed at the EPSRC National Facility for XPS (‘HarwellXPS’), operated by Cardiff University and UCL, under contract No. PR16195. Appendix A Publisher Copyright: © 2019 Elsevier Ltd Copyright: Copyright 2019 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

PY - 2020/1/1

Y1 - 2020/1/1

N2 - The rapid uptake of energy harvesting triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) for self-powered electronics requires the development of high-performance tribo-materials capable of providing large power outputs. This work reports on the synthesis and use of aniline formaldehyde resin (AFR) for energy-harvesting applications. The facile, acidic-medium reaction between aniline and formaldehyde produces the aniline-formaldehyde condensate, which upon an in-vacuo high temperature curing step provides smooth AFR films with abundant nitrogen and oxygen surface functional groups which can acquire a tribo-positive charge and thus endow AFR with a significantly higher positive tribo-polarity than the existing state-of-art polyamide-6 (PA6). A TENG comprising of optimized thin-layered AFR against a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) film produced a peak-to-peak voltage of up to ~1,000 V, a current density of ~65 mA m-2, a transferred charge density of ~200 μC m-2 and an instantaneous power output (energy pulse) of ~11 W m-2 (28.1 μJ cycle-1), respectively. The suitability of AFR was further supported through the Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) measurements, which reveal a significantly higher average surface potential value of 1.147 V for AFR as compared to 0.87 V for PA6 and a step-by-step increase of the surface potential with the increase of energy generation cycles. The work not only proposes a novel and scalable mouldable AFR synthesis process but also expands with excellent prospects, the current portfolio of tribo-positive materials for triboelectric energy harvesting applications.

AB - The rapid uptake of energy harvesting triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) for self-powered electronics requires the development of high-performance tribo-materials capable of providing large power outputs. This work reports on the synthesis and use of aniline formaldehyde resin (AFR) for energy-harvesting applications. The facile, acidic-medium reaction between aniline and formaldehyde produces the aniline-formaldehyde condensate, which upon an in-vacuo high temperature curing step provides smooth AFR films with abundant nitrogen and oxygen surface functional groups which can acquire a tribo-positive charge and thus endow AFR with a significantly higher positive tribo-polarity than the existing state-of-art polyamide-6 (PA6). A TENG comprising of optimized thin-layered AFR against a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) film produced a peak-to-peak voltage of up to ~1,000 V, a current density of ~65 mA m-2, a transferred charge density of ~200 μC m-2 and an instantaneous power output (energy pulse) of ~11 W m-2 (28.1 μJ cycle-1), respectively. The suitability of AFR was further supported through the Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) measurements, which reveal a significantly higher average surface potential value of 1.147 V for AFR as compared to 0.87 V for PA6 and a step-by-step increase of the surface potential with the increase of energy generation cycles. The work not only proposes a novel and scalable mouldable AFR synthesis process but also expands with excellent prospects, the current portfolio of tribo-positive materials for triboelectric energy harvesting applications.

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Expanding the portfolio of tribo-positive materials: aniline formaldehyde condensates for high charge density triboelectric nanogenerators

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Keywords

UN SDGs

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