Enhancing Inclusivity in Research Involvement: A Systematic Narrative Review of Best Practices for Adults with Cerebral Palsy

Adults with cerebral palsy (CP) are often underrepresented in research due to reasons including barriers related to accessibility, communication, and inclusivity. A systematic review aimed to identify best practices for enhancing the participation and collaboration of adults with CP in health research. Six databases were searched, yielding 338 records, of which nine met the inclusion criteria. Data were analysed using grounded theory, revealing two key categories: Facilitating Adult CP Participation and Valuing Collaboration with CP Research Users. Preliminary findings were presented to CP organisations and service users, and their feedback helped refine the analysis and develop a practical framework. Stakeholders emphasised the need for simplified consent forms, clear communication, diverse engagement formats, and accessible venues. Minor adjustments, like pre-tested accessible routes and dual-format consent processes, can significantly enhance trust and accessibility. In terms of collaboration, the importance of recognising lived experience, transparent communication, and genuine co-production was highlighted. Emotional sensitivity, personalised communication, and institutional responsibility for sustaining inclusion were also stressed. The resulting framework integrates stakeholder insights with literature evidence, offering practical strategies to reduce barriers, empower adults with CP, and advance inclusive disability and rehabilitation research, thus enhancing participation and collaboration in these fields.