Effect of the natural sweetener xylitol on gut hormone secretion and gastric emptying in humans: A pilot dose-ranging study

Anne Christin Meyer-Gerspach; Jürgen Drewe; Wout Verbeure; Carel W. Le Roux; Ludmilla Dellatorre-Teixeira; Jens F. Rehfeld; Jens J. Holst; Bolette Hartmann; Jan Tack; Ralph Peterli; Christoph Beglinger; Bettina K. Wölnerhanssen

doi:10.3390/nu13010174

Effect of the natural sweetener xylitol on gut hormone secretion and gastric emptying in humans: A pilot dose-ranging study

Anne Christin Meyer-Gerspach, Jürgen Drewe, Wout Verbeure, Carel W. Le Roux, Ludmilla Dellatorre-Teixeira, Jens F. Rehfeld, Jens J. Holst, Bolette Hartmann, Jan Tack, Ralph Peterli, Christoph Beglinger, Bettina K. Wölnerhanssen

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Abstract

Sugar consumption is associated with a whole range of negative health effects and should be reduced and the natural sweetener xylitol might be helpful in achieving this goal. The present study was conducted as a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, cross-over trial. Twelve healthy, lean volunteers received intragastric solutions with 7, 17 or 35 g xylitol or tap water on four separate days. We examined effects on: gut hormones, glucose, insulin, glucagon, uric acid, lipid profile, as well as gastric emptying rates, appetite-related sensations and gastrointestinal symptoms. We found: (i) a dose-dependent stimulation of cholecystokinin (CCK), active glucagon-like peptide-1 (aGLP-1), peptide tyrosine tyrosine (PYY)-release, and decelerated gastric emptying rates, (ii) a dose-dependent increase in blood glucose and insulin, (iii) no effect on motilin, glucagon, or glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP)-release, (iv) no effect on blood lipids, but a rise in uric acid, and (v) increased bowel sounds as only side effects. In conclusion, low doses of xylitol stimulate the secretion of gut hormones and induce a deceleration in gastric emptying rates. There is no effect on blood lipids and only little effect on plasma glucose and insulin. This combination of properties (low-glycemic sweetener which stimulates satiation hormone release) makes xylitol an attractive candidate for sugar replacement.

Original language	English
Article number	174
Pages (from-to)	1-21
Number of pages	21
Journal	Nutrients
Volume	13
Issue number	1
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13010174
Publication status	Published (in print/issue) - 8 Jan 2021

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
Funding: This research received no external funding and was financed by the St. Clara Research Ltd., a non-profit research institution, which is part of St. Claraspital Basel.

Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.

Keywords

Appetite-related sensations
Blood lipids
Gastric emptying
Gastrointestinal symptoms
Gut hormones
Natural sweeteners
Uric acid
Xylitol

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

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10.3390/nu13010174

nutrients-13-00174-v2Final published version, 2.6 MBLicence: CC BY

Cite this

Meyer-Gerspach, A. C., Drewe, J., Verbeure, W., Le Roux, C. W., Dellatorre-Teixeira, L., Rehfeld, J. F., Holst, J. J., Hartmann, B., Tack, J., Peterli, R., Beglinger, C., & Wölnerhanssen, B. K. (2021). Effect of the natural sweetener xylitol on gut hormone secretion and gastric emptying in humans: A pilot dose-ranging study. Nutrients, 13(1), 1-21. Article 174. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13010174

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title = "Effect of the natural sweetener xylitol on gut hormone secretion and gastric emptying in humans: A pilot dose-ranging study",

abstract = "Sugar consumption is associated with a whole range of negative health effects and should be reduced and the natural sweetener xylitol might be helpful in achieving this goal. The present study was conducted as a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, cross-over trial. Twelve healthy, lean volunteers received intragastric solutions with 7, 17 or 35 g xylitol or tap water on four separate days. We examined effects on: gut hormones, glucose, insulin, glucagon, uric acid, lipid profile, as well as gastric emptying rates, appetite-related sensations and gastrointestinal symptoms. We found: (i) a dose-dependent stimulation of cholecystokinin (CCK), active glucagon-like peptide-1 (aGLP-1), peptide tyrosine tyrosine (PYY)-release, and decelerated gastric emptying rates, (ii) a dose-dependent increase in blood glucose and insulin, (iii) no effect on motilin, glucagon, or glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP)-release, (iv) no effect on blood lipids, but a rise in uric acid, and (v) increased bowel sounds as only side effects. In conclusion, low doses of xylitol stimulate the secretion of gut hormones and induce a deceleration in gastric emptying rates. There is no effect on blood lipids and only little effect on plasma glucose and insulin. This combination of properties (low-glycemic sweetener which stimulates satiation hormone release) makes xylitol an attractive candidate for sugar replacement.",

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author = "Meyer-Gerspach, {Anne Christin} and J{\"u}rgen Drewe and Wout Verbeure and {Le Roux}, {Carel W.} and Ludmilla Dellatorre-Teixeira and Rehfeld, {Jens F.} and Holst, {Jens J.} and Bolette Hartmann and Jan Tack and Ralph Peterli and Christoph Beglinger and W{\"o}lnerhanssen, {Bettina K.}",

note = "Funding Information: Funding: This research received no external funding and was financed by the St. Clara Research Ltd., a non-profit research institution, which is part of St. Claraspital Basel. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.",

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Meyer-Gerspach, AC, Drewe, J, Verbeure, W, Le Roux, CW, Dellatorre-Teixeira, L, Rehfeld, JF, Holst, JJ, Hartmann, B, Tack, J, Peterli, R, Beglinger, C & Wölnerhanssen, BK 2021, 'Effect of the natural sweetener xylitol on gut hormone secretion and gastric emptying in humans: A pilot dose-ranging study', Nutrients, vol. 13, no. 1, 174, pp. 1-21. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13010174

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T1 - Effect of the natural sweetener xylitol on gut hormone secretion and gastric emptying in humans

T2 - A pilot dose-ranging study

AU - Meyer-Gerspach, Anne Christin

AU - Drewe, Jürgen

AU - Verbeure, Wout

AU - Le Roux, Carel W.

AU - Dellatorre-Teixeira, Ludmilla

AU - Rehfeld, Jens F.

AU - Holst, Jens J.

AU - Hartmann, Bolette

AU - Tack, Jan

AU - Peterli, Ralph

AU - Beglinger, Christoph

AU - Wölnerhanssen, Bettina K.

N1 - Funding Information: Funding: This research received no external funding and was financed by the St. Clara Research Ltd., a non-profit research institution, which is part of St. Claraspital Basel. Publisher Copyright: © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.

PY - 2021/1/8

Y1 - 2021/1/8

N2 - Sugar consumption is associated with a whole range of negative health effects and should be reduced and the natural sweetener xylitol might be helpful in achieving this goal. The present study was conducted as a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, cross-over trial. Twelve healthy, lean volunteers received intragastric solutions with 7, 17 or 35 g xylitol or tap water on four separate days. We examined effects on: gut hormones, glucose, insulin, glucagon, uric acid, lipid profile, as well as gastric emptying rates, appetite-related sensations and gastrointestinal symptoms. We found: (i) a dose-dependent stimulation of cholecystokinin (CCK), active glucagon-like peptide-1 (aGLP-1), peptide tyrosine tyrosine (PYY)-release, and decelerated gastric emptying rates, (ii) a dose-dependent increase in blood glucose and insulin, (iii) no effect on motilin, glucagon, or glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP)-release, (iv) no effect on blood lipids, but a rise in uric acid, and (v) increased bowel sounds as only side effects. In conclusion, low doses of xylitol stimulate the secretion of gut hormones and induce a deceleration in gastric emptying rates. There is no effect on blood lipids and only little effect on plasma glucose and insulin. This combination of properties (low-glycemic sweetener which stimulates satiation hormone release) makes xylitol an attractive candidate for sugar replacement.

AB - Sugar consumption is associated with a whole range of negative health effects and should be reduced and the natural sweetener xylitol might be helpful in achieving this goal. The present study was conducted as a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, cross-over trial. Twelve healthy, lean volunteers received intragastric solutions with 7, 17 or 35 g xylitol or tap water on four separate days. We examined effects on: gut hormones, glucose, insulin, glucagon, uric acid, lipid profile, as well as gastric emptying rates, appetite-related sensations and gastrointestinal symptoms. We found: (i) a dose-dependent stimulation of cholecystokinin (CCK), active glucagon-like peptide-1 (aGLP-1), peptide tyrosine tyrosine (PYY)-release, and decelerated gastric emptying rates, (ii) a dose-dependent increase in blood glucose and insulin, (iii) no effect on motilin, glucagon, or glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP)-release, (iv) no effect on blood lipids, but a rise in uric acid, and (v) increased bowel sounds as only side effects. In conclusion, low doses of xylitol stimulate the secretion of gut hormones and induce a deceleration in gastric emptying rates. There is no effect on blood lipids and only little effect on plasma glucose and insulin. This combination of properties (low-glycemic sweetener which stimulates satiation hormone release) makes xylitol an attractive candidate for sugar replacement.

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Effect of the natural sweetener xylitol on gut hormone secretion and gastric emptying in humans: A pilot dose-ranging study

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Keywords

UN SDGs

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