Development of Fragility Functions for Brick Masonry Structures Using Damage Data from September 24, 2019, Earthquake in Mirpur, Azad Kashmir

Muhammad Masood Rafi; Muhammad Ahmed; Sarosh Hashmat Lodi; Humberto Varum; Muhammad Tausif Arshad; Naveed Alam

doi:10.1061/jpcfev.cfeng-4441

Development of Fragility Functions for Brick Masonry Structures Using Damage Data from September 24, 2019, Earthquake in Mirpur, Azad Kashmir

Muhammad Masood Rafi, Muhammad Ahmed, Sarosh Hashmat Lodi, Humberto Varum, Muhammad Tausif Arshad, Naveed Alam

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

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Abstract

This paper presents fragility functions for clay brick unreinforced masonry (URM) buildings that were developed using the data of damage and earthquake intensity by the September 24, 2019, Mirpur, Azad Jammu and Kashmir earthquake. These data were collected through reconnaissance surveys in the affected region. The intensity of the earthquake ranged from V to VII on the Modified Mercalli Intensity scale in the surveyed areas. The damage to clay brick piers of bridges was caused by compression or shear-compression forces applied by the vertical seismic forces. Most of the damaged URM buildings showed in-plane wall cracking with very few cases of out-of-plane wall failure. The damage in these buildings was influenced by both the ground motion’s horizontal component and ground motion amplification due to site conditions. The damage types to the URM buildings in the surveyed areas were classified into five damage grades and these data were employed to propose fragility curves for clay brick URM buildings.

Original language	English
Article number	04023029
Journal	Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities
Volume	37
Issue number	4
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1061/jpcfev.cfeng-4441
Publication status	Published (in print/issue) - 22 May 2023

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
The authors wish to acknowledge the logistical support provided by the staff members at Mirpur University of Science & Technology, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, during the surveys and data collection for the presented studies in this paper. Professor Humberto Varum acknowledges the financial support provided by Project POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007457—CONSTRUCT—Institute of R&D in Structures and Construction, funded by Fundo Europeu de Desen-volvimento Regional (FEDER) funds through COMPETE2020— Programa Operacional Competitividade e Internacionalização (POCI)—and by national funds through FCT (Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia).

Publisher Copyright:
© 2023 American Society of Civil Engineers.

Keywords

Safety
Building and Construction
Civil and Structural Engineering
Risk
Reliability and Quality
Brick masonry
Damage grades
Earthquake intensity
Fragility curve
Building typology
Masonry pier

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

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10.1061/jpcfev.cfeng-4441

Rafi et alR1(marked)Author Accepted Manuscript, 359 KB

Cite this

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title = "Development of Fragility Functions for Brick Masonry Structures Using Damage Data from September 24, 2019, Earthquake in Mirpur, Azad Kashmir",

abstract = "This paper presents fragility functions for clay brick unreinforced masonry (URM) buildings that were developed using the data of damage and earthquake intensity by the September 24, 2019, Mirpur, Azad Jammu and Kashmir earthquake. These data were collected through reconnaissance surveys in the affected region. The intensity of the earthquake ranged from V to VII on the Modified Mercalli Intensity scale in the surveyed areas. The damage to clay brick piers of bridges was caused by compression or shear-compression forces applied by the vertical seismic forces. Most of the damaged URM buildings showed in-plane wall cracking with very few cases of out-of-plane wall failure. The damage in these buildings was influenced by both the ground motion{\textquoteright}s horizontal component and ground motion amplification due to site conditions. The damage types to the URM buildings in the surveyed areas were classified into five damage grades and these data were employed to propose fragility curves for clay brick URM buildings.",

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note = "Funding Information: The authors wish to acknowledge the logistical support provided by the staff members at Mirpur University of Science & Technology, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, during the surveys and data collection for the presented studies in this paper. Professor Humberto Varum acknowledges the financial support provided by Project POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007457—CONSTRUCT—Institute of R&D in Structures and Construction, funded by Fundo Europeu de Desen-volvimento Regional (FEDER) funds through COMPETE2020— Programa Operacional Competitividade e Internacionaliza{\c c}{\~a}o (POCI)—and by national funds through FCT (Funda{\c c}{\~a}o para a Ci{\^e}ncia e a Tecnologia). Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2023 American Society of Civil Engineers.",

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Development of Fragility Functions for Brick Masonry Structures Using Damage Data from September 24, 2019, Earthquake in Mirpur, Azad Kashmir. / Rafi, Muhammad Masood; Ahmed, Muhammad; Lodi, Sarosh Hashmat et al.
In: Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities, Vol. 37, No. 4, 04023029, 22.05.2023.

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

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AU - Arshad, Muhammad Tausif

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N1 - Funding Information: The authors wish to acknowledge the logistical support provided by the staff members at Mirpur University of Science & Technology, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, during the surveys and data collection for the presented studies in this paper. Professor Humberto Varum acknowledges the financial support provided by Project POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007457—CONSTRUCT—Institute of R&D in Structures and Construction, funded by Fundo Europeu de Desen-volvimento Regional (FEDER) funds through COMPETE2020— Programa Operacional Competitividade e Internacionalização (POCI)—and by national funds through FCT (Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia). Publisher Copyright: © 2023 American Society of Civil Engineers.

PY - 2023/5/22

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N2 - This paper presents fragility functions for clay brick unreinforced masonry (URM) buildings that were developed using the data of damage and earthquake intensity by the September 24, 2019, Mirpur, Azad Jammu and Kashmir earthquake. These data were collected through reconnaissance surveys in the affected region. The intensity of the earthquake ranged from V to VII on the Modified Mercalli Intensity scale in the surveyed areas. The damage to clay brick piers of bridges was caused by compression or shear-compression forces applied by the vertical seismic forces. Most of the damaged URM buildings showed in-plane wall cracking with very few cases of out-of-plane wall failure. The damage in these buildings was influenced by both the ground motion’s horizontal component and ground motion amplification due to site conditions. The damage types to the URM buildings in the surveyed areas were classified into five damage grades and these data were employed to propose fragility curves for clay brick URM buildings.

AB - This paper presents fragility functions for clay brick unreinforced masonry (URM) buildings that were developed using the data of damage and earthquake intensity by the September 24, 2019, Mirpur, Azad Jammu and Kashmir earthquake. These data were collected through reconnaissance surveys in the affected region. The intensity of the earthquake ranged from V to VII on the Modified Mercalli Intensity scale in the surveyed areas. The damage to clay brick piers of bridges was caused by compression or shear-compression forces applied by the vertical seismic forces. Most of the damaged URM buildings showed in-plane wall cracking with very few cases of out-of-plane wall failure. The damage in these buildings was influenced by both the ground motion’s horizontal component and ground motion amplification due to site conditions. The damage types to the URM buildings in the surveyed areas were classified into five damage grades and these data were employed to propose fragility curves for clay brick URM buildings.

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KW - Reliability and Quality

KW - Brick masonry

KW - Damage grades

KW - Earthquake intensity

KW - Fragility curve

KW - Building typology

KW - Masonry pier

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JO - Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities

JF - Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities

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ER -

Development of Fragility Functions for Brick Masonry Structures Using Damage Data from September 24, 2019, Earthquake in Mirpur, Azad Kashmir

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Keywords

UN SDGs

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