Abstract
This project has the working title of Ortho Studio 3D. It is an exploration into 3D computer graphics (CG) applications and the design process to enhance the practice of biomechanics visually and interactively. In current biomedical practice, various high-end technologies, such as MRI, x-Ray, CT and 3D ultra sound, are the means of image data capture. These technologies have been essential in imaging the internal human body. Although each individual has a unique skeletal structure, comparative relationships with static anthropometrics also exist. The study of biomechanics is extremely complex in terms of actual kinematics and is therefore difficult to communicate in its absolute diagnosis. 3D CG offers an opportunity for presenting visuals and simulations of otherwise hidden objects, with a clear yet clinical approach such that both patients and practitioners can comprehend, demonstrate and interact with these human skeletal behaviours. This paper reports on the associated areas of data collation methods, 3D computer modelling, animation hierarchies with virtual behaviour and the design process towards a software package concept. A pre-prototype demonstration has been developed illustrating that a desktop data imaging method concept is viable, by controlling a customisable virtual skeleton (3D), from external body imagery (2D). It concludes that customisation of individual samples can be achieved effectively, and representation of associated biomechanics appear probable, within a virtual environment. Future research areas are identified as necessary for effective development of the concept.
Original language | English |
---|---|
Title of host publication | Unknown Host Publication |
Editors | Michael McNeill |
Publisher | Eurographics |
Pages | 43-52 |
Number of pages | 10 |
Volume | 2 |
Publication status | Published (in print/issue) - 30 Apr 2003 |
Event | Eurographics Ireland Chapter, Workshop proceedings 2003 - University of Ulster, Coleraine Campus Duration: 30 Apr 2003 → … |
Workshop
Workshop | Eurographics Ireland Chapter, Workshop proceedings 2003 |
---|---|
Period | 30/04/03 → … |
Bibliographical note
Reference text: 1. Frankel, V.H, Nordin, M. Basic Biomechanics of the Skeletal system, 1980.2. Nigg, B.M., Herzog, W. Biomechanics of the Musco-skeletal System (2nd Edition), 1984 Ch 3: Measuring techniques, Pages 302-331
3. Allard P, Cappozzo A, Lundberg A, Vaughan CL. Three dimensional Analysis of the Human Locomotion, 1997 p181-188
4. Harrison D D, Abnormal Human Posture: Permutations of the rotations and translations of the skull, thorax and pelvis in three dimensions 1996
5. White A, Panjabi M. Clinical Biomechanics of the spine, 1978. p 71 table 2.2 C/S, p 75 table 2.3 T/S, p 79 table 2.4 L/S
6. Harrison D D, Basic mechanics applied to the spine 1996
7. Harrison D L J, Harrison D D, Deformation of bone: section- Structural responses to reduce force.1996
8. Harrison D D, Janik T J, Troyanovich S, Holland B. Comparisons of the Lordotic Cervical spine curvatures to a theoretical ideal model of the static sagittal cervical spine. Spine Vol. 21, No. 6, March 15, Lippincott-Raven, 1996
9. Harrison D E, Janik T J, Harrison D D, Caillet R, Harmon S F, Can the Thoracic Kyphosis be modelled with a simple geometric shape?, Journal of spinal disorders & techniques, Vol. 15, No. 3, pp.213-220, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Inc. 2002
10. Janik T J, Harrison D D, Caillet R, Troyanovich S J, Harrison D E, Can a sagittal lumber model be closely approximated by an ellipse? Journal of Orthopaedic research 16: 766-770, The journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Inc. 1998 Orthopaedic Research Society
11. Harrison D E, Janik T J, Harrison D D, 3-D Coupling 1997
12. Peebles L, Norris B, University of Nottingham for DTI, ADULTDATA, The handbook of anthropometric and strength measurements- Data for safety design. 1998
13. Kapandji I A, The Physiology of the joints, 1974 (p42-51, 74,75, 80-85, 114-119, 134-135, 162-163, 170, 214-217)
14. Boyling J D, Palastanga N, Modern Manuel Therapy- 2nd edition, 1986 (p53-60)
15. Kappelman J, The digital lbrary as a platform for studying anatomical form and function. D-Lib magazine Sept 1999 ISSN 1082-9873
16. Feld B, The film Journal international -The Human body, February 2003
17. Johnson M E, FCER director of communications – Responding to customer reports
18. Gofman J W, Radiation from medical procedures in the Pathogensis of Cancer and Ischemic Heart Disease: Dose response studies with physicians per 100,000 population., Chapter 2 1999 ISBN 0-932682-98-7
19. Harmon S, sacral ,orphology and mechanics of motion
20. Bogduk N, Twomney L T, Clinical anatomy of the Lumbar spine (p42-45, p58-71) 1987
21. Harrison D, D et al. CBT X-ray workbook pp 1-52
22. Harrison D,E , Harison D,D, Cailliet R, Troyanovich S, Janik T J, Holland B. Cobb method or Harrison Posterior Tangent method, which to choose for lateral cervical radiographic analysis. Spine Vol. 25 No. 16. pp2072-2078. 2000
23. McDonagh-Philip D, Lebbon Cherie, The Emotional Domain in Product Design, The design Journal, Vol. 3. Issue 1.
24. Norman, D.A. Emotion & Design: Attractive things work better. Interactions magazine, ix (4), pp36-42. 2002
25. Dreyfuss Henry, The measure of Man: Human factors and design 2nd edition. 1967. New York library of design.
Keywords
- Image Mapping
- 3D Computer Graphics
- Biomechanics
- Virtual Behaviour