Confirmatory factor analysis of Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation (CORE-OM) used as a measure of emotional distress in people with tinnitus

LE Handscomb, DA Hall, DJ Hoare, GW Shorter

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

10 Citations (Scopus)
24 Downloads (Pure)

Abstract

AbstractBackground:People with troublesome tinnitus often experience emotional distress. Therefore a psychometricallysound instrument which can evaluate levels of distress and change over time is necessary to understand this experience. Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation (CORE-OM) is a measure of emotional distress which has been widely used in mental health research. Although originally designed as a 4-factor questionnaire, factor analyses have not supported this structure and a number of alternative factor structures have been proposed in different samples. The aims of this study were to test the factor structure of the CORE-OM using a large representative tinnitus sampleand to use it to investigate levels of emotional distress amongst people with a range of tinnitus experience.Methods:The CORE-OM was completed by 342 people experiencing tinnitus who self-rated their tinnitus on a 5-point scale from not a problem to ‘a very big problem’. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to test all ten factor models which have been previously derived across a range of population samples. Model fit was assessed using fit criterion and theoretical considerations. Mean scores on the full questionnaire and its subscales were compared between tinnitus problem categories using one-way ANOVA.Results:The best fitting model included 33 of the 34 original items and was divided into three factors: negatively worded items, positively worded items and risk. The full questionnaire and each factor were found to have good internal consistency and factor loadings were high. There was a statistically significant difference in total CORE-OM scores across the five tinnitus problem categories. However there was no significant difference between those who rated their tinnitus‘not a problem’, and ‘a small problem’ or ‘a moderate problem’.Conclusion:This study found a 3-factor structure for the CORE-OM to be a good fit for a tinnitus population. It also found evidence of a relationship between emotional distress as measured by CORE-OM and perception of tinnitus as a problem. Its use in tinnitus clinics is to be recommended, particularly when emotional distress is a target of therapy.
Original languageEnglish
JournalHealth and Quality of Life Outcomes
Volume14
Issue number124
Early online date6 Sept 2016
DOIs
Publication statusPublished online - 6 Sept 2016

Keywords

  • CORE-OM
  • Tinnitus
  • Emotional distress
  • Confirmatory factor analysis

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