Comparative Performance and Enhancement of Water pH Microwave Sensor

Leonardo O. de Sousa; Lucas A. Sarmento; Mirelli S. da Silva; Samanta M. de Holanda; Jorge A. I. de Araujo; Gabriel G. Machado; Isaac B. T. da Silva

doi:10.1109/imoc65414.2025.11365932

Comparative Performance and Enhancement of Water pH Microwave Sensor

Leonardo O. de Sousa
, Lucas A. Sarmento
, Mirelli S. da Silva
, Samanta M. de Holanda
, Jorge A. I. de Araujo
, Gabriel G. Machado
, Isaac B. T. da Silva

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution › peer-review

Abstract

This work presents a proposal of enhancement of pH sensor only by changing the CSRR topology. A comparative analysis is performed using a reference work, where square loop CSRR topology is applied as DGS structure. Circular and octagonal topologies are proposed using the same DGS structure. Different water pH levels were characterized and inserted as input data for the simulations. Resonance shift and attenuation difference were evaluated individually and used as parameter for PRFSE and SE calculations. The results showed an excellent response for the proposed topologies, with a sensitivity parameter greater than 300 times for both topologies in the frequency variation, and a greater sensitivity of up to 50 times for the circular topology when analyzing the amplitude variation. highlighting the performance enhancement.

Original language	English
Title of host publication	2025 SBMO/IEEE MTT-S International Microwave and Optoelectronics Conference (IMOC)
Publisher	IEEE
Pages	1-5
Number of pages	5
ISBN (Electronic)	979-8-3503-9275-3
ISBN (Print)	979-8-3503-9275-3, 979-8-3503-9276-0
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1109/imoc65414.2025.11365932
Publication status	Published online - 3 Feb 2026

Bibliographical note

Publisher Copyright:
© 2025 IEEE.

Funding

This work was supported by PIB20008-2022/PIB20004-2025 project numbers, financed in part by the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel - Brazil (CAPES) - Finance Code 001 and CAPES PRAPG Project 88887.909587/2023-00.

Funder number
88887.909587/2023-00

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

SDG 7 Affordable and Clean Energy

Keywords

Geometry
Time-frequency analysis
Sensitivity
Resonant frequency
Water quality
Microwave sensors
Attenuation
Resonance
Topology
Sensors
pH sensor
Microwave sensor
CSRR microwave sensor

Access to Document

10.1109/imoc65414.2025.11365932

Cite this

de Sousa, L. O., Sarmento, L. A., da Silva, M. S., de Holanda, S. M., de Araujo, J. A. I., Machado, G. G., & da Silva, I. B. T. (2026). Comparative Performance and Enhancement of Water pH Microwave Sensor. In 2025 SBMO/IEEE MTT-S International Microwave and Optoelectronics Conference (IMOC) (pp. 1-5). IEEE. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1109/imoc65414.2025.11365932

@inproceedings{e29c10bf94c945b398c144a21281fce7,

title = "Comparative Performance and Enhancement of Water pH Microwave Sensor",

abstract = "This work presents a proposal of enhancement of pH sensor only by changing the CSRR topology. A comparative analysis is performed using a reference work, where square loop CSRR topology is applied as DGS structure. Circular and octagonal topologies are proposed using the same DGS structure. Different water pH levels were characterized and inserted as input data for the simulations. Resonance shift and attenuation difference were evaluated individually and used as parameter for PRFSE and SE calculations. The results showed an excellent response for the proposed topologies, with a sensitivity parameter greater than 300 times for both topologies in the frequency variation, and a greater sensitivity of up to 50 times for the circular topology when analyzing the amplitude variation. highlighting the performance enhancement.",

keywords = "Geometry, Time-frequency analysis, Sensitivity, Resonant frequency, Water quality, Microwave sensors, Attenuation, Resonance, Topology, Sensors, pH sensor, Microwave sensor, CSRR microwave sensor",

author = "\{de Sousa\}, \{Leonardo O.\} and Sarmento, \{Lucas A.\} and \{da Silva\}, \{Mirelli S.\} and \{de Holanda\}, \{Samanta M.\} and \{de Araujo\}, \{Jorge A. I.\} and Machado, \{Gabriel G.\} and \{da Silva\}, \{Isaac B. T.\}",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2025 IEEE.",

year = "2026",

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doi = "10.1109/imoc65414.2025.11365932",

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AU - de Sousa, Leonardo O.

AU - Sarmento, Lucas A.

AU - da Silva, Mirelli S.

AU - de Holanda, Samanta M.

AU - de Araujo, Jorge A. I.

AU - Machado, Gabriel G.

AU - da Silva, Isaac B. T.

PY - 2026/2/3

Y1 - 2026/2/3

N2 - This work presents a proposal of enhancement of pH sensor only by changing the CSRR topology. A comparative analysis is performed using a reference work, where square loop CSRR topology is applied as DGS structure. Circular and octagonal topologies are proposed using the same DGS structure. Different water pH levels were characterized and inserted as input data for the simulations. Resonance shift and attenuation difference were evaluated individually and used as parameter for PRFSE and SE calculations. The results showed an excellent response for the proposed topologies, with a sensitivity parameter greater than 300 times for both topologies in the frequency variation, and a greater sensitivity of up to 50 times for the circular topology when analyzing the amplitude variation. highlighting the performance enhancement.

AB - This work presents a proposal of enhancement of pH sensor only by changing the CSRR topology. A comparative analysis is performed using a reference work, where square loop CSRR topology is applied as DGS structure. Circular and octagonal topologies are proposed using the same DGS structure. Different water pH levels were characterized and inserted as input data for the simulations. Resonance shift and attenuation difference were evaluated individually and used as parameter for PRFSE and SE calculations. The results showed an excellent response for the proposed topologies, with a sensitivity parameter greater than 300 times for both topologies in the frequency variation, and a greater sensitivity of up to 50 times for the circular topology when analyzing the amplitude variation. highlighting the performance enhancement.

KW - Geometry

KW - Time-frequency analysis

KW - Sensitivity

KW - Resonant frequency

KW - Water quality

KW - Microwave sensors

KW - Attenuation

KW - Resonance

KW - Topology

KW - Sensors

KW - pH sensor

KW - Microwave sensor

KW - CSRR microwave sensor

UR - https://pure.ulster.ac.uk/en/publications/e29c10bf-94c9-45b3-98c1-44a21281fce7

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DO - 10.1109/imoc65414.2025.11365932

M3 - Conference contribution

SN - 979-8-3503-9275-3

SN - 979-8-3503-9276-0

SP - 1

EP - 5

BT - 2025 SBMO/IEEE MTT-S International Microwave and Optoelectronics Conference (IMOC)

PB - IEEE

ER -

Comparative Performance and Enhancement of Water pH Microwave Sensor

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Funding

UN SDGs

Keywords

Access to Document

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