TY - JOUR
T1 - Clinical Symptoms of Arboviruses in Mexico
AU - Ananth, Sushmitha
AU - Shrestha, Nistha
AU - Treviño C., Jesús A.
AU - Nguyen, Uyen-sa
AU - Haque, Ubydul
AU - Angulo-molina, Aracely
AU - Lopez-lemus, Uriel A.
AU - Lubinda, Jailos
AU - Sharif, Rashed Md.
AU - Zaki, Rafdzah Ahmad
AU - Sánchez Casas, Rosa María
AU - Cervantes, Diana
AU - Nandy, Rajesh
N1 - Funding Information:
Funding: UH was supported by the Research Council of Norway (grant # 281077).
Publisher Copyright:
© 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
Copyright:
Copyright 2020 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
PY - 2020/11/19
Y1 - 2020/11/19
N2 - Arboviruses such as Chikungunya (CHIKV), Dengue (DENV), and Zika virus (ZIKV) have emerged as a significant public health concern in Mexico. The existing literature lacks evidence regarding the dispersion of arboviruses, thereby limiting public health policy’s ability to integrate the diagnosis, management, and prevention. This study seeks to reveal the clinical symptoms of CHIK, DENV, and ZIKV by age group, region, sex, and time across Mexico. The confirmed cases of CHIKV, DENV, and ZIKV were compiled from January 2012 to March 2020. Demographic characteristics analyzed significant clinical symptoms of confirmed cases. Multinomial logistic regression was used to assess the association between clinical symptoms and geographical regions. Females and individuals aged 15 and older had higher rates of reported significant symptoms across all three arboviruses. DENV showed a temporal variation of symptoms by regions 3 and 5, whereas ZIKV presented temporal variables in regions 2 and 4. This study revealed unique and overlapping symptoms between CHIKV, DENV, and ZIKV. However, the differentiation of CHIKV, DENV, and ZIKV is difficult, and diagnostic facilities are not available in rural areas. There is a need for adequately trained healthcare staff alongside well-equipped lab facilities, including hematological tests and imaging facilities.
AB - Arboviruses such as Chikungunya (CHIKV), Dengue (DENV), and Zika virus (ZIKV) have emerged as a significant public health concern in Mexico. The existing literature lacks evidence regarding the dispersion of arboviruses, thereby limiting public health policy’s ability to integrate the diagnosis, management, and prevention. This study seeks to reveal the clinical symptoms of CHIK, DENV, and ZIKV by age group, region, sex, and time across Mexico. The confirmed cases of CHIKV, DENV, and ZIKV were compiled from January 2012 to March 2020. Demographic characteristics analyzed significant clinical symptoms of confirmed cases. Multinomial logistic regression was used to assess the association between clinical symptoms and geographical regions. Females and individuals aged 15 and older had higher rates of reported significant symptoms across all three arboviruses. DENV showed a temporal variation of symptoms by regions 3 and 5, whereas ZIKV presented temporal variables in regions 2 and 4. This study revealed unique and overlapping symptoms between CHIKV, DENV, and ZIKV. However, the differentiation of CHIKV, DENV, and ZIKV is difficult, and diagnostic facilities are not available in rural areas. There is a need for adequately trained healthcare staff alongside well-equipped lab facilities, including hematological tests and imaging facilities.
KW - Chikungunya
KW - Dengue
KW - Zika virus
KW - epidemiology
KW - public health
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85096563653&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/9/11/964
U2 - 10.3390/pathogens9110964
DO - 10.3390/pathogens9110964
M3 - Article
C2 - 33228120
VL - 9
SP - 1
EP - 16
JO - Pathogens
JF - Pathogens
SN - 2076-0817
IS - 11
M1 - 964
ER -
