CDNA-SNN: A New Spiking Neural Network for Pattern Classification using Neuronal Assemblies

Spiking neural networks (SNNs) mimic their biological counterparts more closely than their predecessors and are considered the third generation of artificial neural networks. It has been proven that networks of spiking neurons have a higher computational capacity and lower power requirements than sigmoidal neural networks. This paper introduces a new type of spiking neural network that draws inspiration and incorporates concepts from neuronal assemblies in the human brain. The proposed network, termed as CDNA-SNN, assigns each neuron learnable values known as Class-Dependent Neuronal Activations (CDNAs) which indicate the neuron’s average relative spiking activity in response to samples from different classes. A new learning algorithm that categorizes the neurons into different class assemblies based on their CDNAs is also presented. These neuronal assemblies are trained via a novel training method based on Spike-Timing Dependent Plasticity (STDP) to have high activity for their associated class and low firing rate for other classes. Also, using CDNAs, a new type of STDP that controls the amount of plasticity based on the assemblies of pre- and post-synaptic neurons is proposed. The performance of CDNA-SNN is evaluated on five datasets from the UCI machine learning repository, as well as MNIST and Fashion MNIST, using nested cross-validation for hyperparameter optimization. Our results show that CDNA-SNN significantly outperforms SWAT (p<0.0005) and SpikeProp (p<0.05) on 3/5 and SRESN (p<0.05) on 2/5 UCI datasets while using the significantly lower number of trainable parameters. Furthermore, compared to other supervised, fully connected SNNs, the proposed SNN reaches the best performance for Fashion MNIST and comparable performance for MNIST and N-MNIST, also utilizing much less (1-35%) parameters.