Causes and Clinical Sequelae of Riboflavin Deficiency

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Abstract

Riboflavin, in its cofactor forms flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) and flavin mononucleotide (FMN), plays fundamental roles in energy metabolism, cellular antioxidant potential, and metabolic interactions with other micronutrients, including iron, vitamin B6, and folate. Severe riboflavin deficiency, largely confined to low-income countries, clinically manifests as cheilosis, angular stomatitis, glossitis, seborrheic dermatitis, and severe anemia with erythroid hypoplasia. Subclinical deficiency may be much more widespread, including in high-income countries, but typically goes undetected because riboflavin biomarkers are rarely measured in human studies. There are adverse health consequences of low and deficient riboflavin status throughout the life cycle, including anemia and hypertension, that could contribute substantially to the global burden of disease. This review considers the available evidence on causes, detection, and consequences of riboflavin deficiency, ranging from clinical deficiency signs to manifestations associated with less severe deficiency, and the related research, public health, and policy priorities.
Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)101-122
Number of pages22
JournalAnnual Review of Nutrition
Volume43
Issue number1
Early online date22 Aug 2023
DOIs
Publication statusPublished online - 22 Aug 2023

Bibliographical note

Publisher Copyright:
© 2023 Annual Reviews Inc.. All rights reserved.

Keywords

  • Riboflavin
  • EGRac
  • Dietary reference intakes
  • Hypertension
  • Anemia
  • erythrocyte glutathione reductase activation coefficient
  • hypertension
  • anemia
  • dietary reference intakes
  • riboflavin

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