Biosurfactants from Lactobacilli species: Properties, challenges and potential biomedical applications

Lactic acid bacteria are generally believed to have positive roles in maintaining good health andimmune system in humans. A number of Lactobacilli spp. are known to produce important metabolites, among which biosurfactants in particular have shown antimicrobial activity againstseveral pathogens in the intestinal tract and female urogenital tract partly through interferingwith biofilm formation and adhesion to the epithelial cells surfaces. Around 46 reports aredocumented on biosurfactant production from Lactobacillus spp. of which six can be broadlyclassified as cell free biosurfactant and 40 as cell associated biosurfactants and only approximately 50% of those have reported on the structural composition which, in order of occurrence were mainly proteinaceous, glycolipidic, glycoproteins, or glycolipopeptides in nature. Due to the proteinaceous nature, most biosurfactant produced by strains of Lactobacillus are generally believed to be surlactin type with high potential toward impeding pathogens adherence. Researchers have recently focused on the anti-adhesive and antibiofilm properties of Lactobacilli-derived biosurfactants. This review briefly discusses the significance of Lactobacilli derived biosurfactants and their potential applications in various fields. In addition, we highlightthe exceptional prospects and challenges in fermentation economics of Lactobacillus spp.-derived biosurfactants’ production processes.