Biological activity of silver nanoparticles synthesized from untapped secondary metabolites of Olea europea endophytic Bacillus amyloliquefaciens

Fawad Hayat; Salem S. Salem; Sumera Afzal Khan; Muddasir Khan; Zahoor Khan; Ho-Youn Kim; Abdul Qadeer; Khalid J. Alzahrani; Fuad M. Alzahrani; Muhammad Hamayun

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0321134

Biological activity of silver nanoparticles synthesized from untapped secondary metabolites of Olea europea endophytic Bacillus amyloliquefaciens

Fawad Hayat, Salem S. Salem (Editor), Sumera Afzal Khan, Muddasir Khan, Zahoor Khan, Ho-Youn Kim, Abdul Qadeer, Khalid J. Alzahrani, Fuad M. Alzahrani, Muhammad Hamayun

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Abstract

Endophytic microbes offer frequent contributions to the identification of novel
biologically active compounds. The current study aimed to isolate untapped Olea
europaea-associated Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and to explore their bioactive
secondary metabolites as well as its mediated silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). B.
amyloliquefaciens analysis revealed the existence of 23 compounds in metabolite extract by using Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis.
AgNPs were synthesized by using metabolite extract and confirmed by using UV-Vis
spectrophotometry, Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS), and Fourier Transform
Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). B. amyloliquefaciens metabolite extract displays a
high inhibition zone (19mm) against Morganella morganii and Escherichia coli, while
AgNPs exhibit high inhibition zone (22mm) against M. morganii. The extract shows
64.8% and AgNPs display 99.8% antioxidant activity in 5mg/mL concentration. In
analgesic effect, after 90 minutes at 100mg/mL concentration, the extract shows a
mean latency time of 17 seconds while AgNPs show 19 seconds, respectively. In
conclusion, B. amyloliquefaciens metabolite extract and AgNPs exhibited significant
antibacterial, antioxidant, and analgesic activities in various concentrations while
comparatively AgNPs displayed higher bioactive potential. Endophytic bacteria associated with O. europaea have diverse bioactive metabolites with promising pharmaceutical activities, as well as their mediated AgNPs increase these activities. Further
research on the exploration of endophytic bacterial metabolites and its mediated
nanoparticles will prompt the discovery of novel bioactive compounds.

Original language	English
Article number	e0321134
Pages (from-to)	1-14
Number of pages	14
Journal	PLoS One
Early online date	7 May 2025
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0321134
Publication status	Published online - 7 May 2025

Bibliographical note

Publisher Copyright:
© 2025 Hayat et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

Data Access Statement

All relevant data are within the paper and its Supporting Information files.

Funding

The authors extend their appreciation to Taif University, Saudi Arabia, for supporting this work through project number (TU-DSPP-2024-05).

Funders	Funder number
Taif University	TU-DSPP-2024-05

Keywords

Animals
Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology
Antioxidants/pharmacology
Bacillus amyloliquefaciens/metabolism
Endophytes/metabolism
Escherichia coli/drug effects
Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
Metal Nanoparticles/chemistry
Microbial Sensitivity Tests
Secondary Metabolism
Silver/chemistry
Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

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10.1371/journal.pone.0321134Licence: CC BY

journal.pone.0321134Final published version, 1.01 MBLicence: CC BY

Cite this

Hayat, F., Salem, S. S. (Ed.), Khan, S. A., Khan, M., Khan, Z., Kim, H.-Y., Qadeer, A., Alzahrani, K. J., Alzahrani, F. M., & Hamayun, M. (2025). Biological activity of silver nanoparticles synthesized from untapped secondary metabolites of Olea europea endophytic Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. PLoS One , 1-14. Article e0321134. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0321134

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title = "Biological activity of silver nanoparticles synthesized from untapped secondary metabolites of Olea europea endophytic Bacillus amyloliquefaciens",

abstract = "Endophytic microbes offer frequent contributions to the identification of novel biologically active compounds. The current study aimed to isolate untapped Olea europaea-associated Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and to explore their bioactive secondary metabolites as well as its mediated silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). B. amyloliquefaciens analysis revealed the existence of 23 compounds in metabolite extract by using Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. AgNPs were synthesized by using metabolite extract and confirmed by using UV-Vis spectrophotometry, Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS), and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). B. amyloliquefaciens metabolite extract displays a high inhibition zone (19mm) against Morganella morganii and Escherichia coli, while AgNPs exhibit high inhibition zone (22mm) against M. morganii. The extract shows 64.8\% and AgNPs display 99.8\% antioxidant activity in 5mg/mL concentration. In analgesic effect, after 90 minutes at 100mg/mL concentration, the extract shows a mean latency time of 17 seconds while AgNPs show 19 seconds, respectively. In conclusion, B. amyloliquefaciens metabolite extract and AgNPs exhibited significant antibacterial, antioxidant, and analgesic activities in various concentrations while comparatively AgNPs displayed higher bioactive potential. Endophytic bacteria associated with O. europaea have diverse bioactive metabolites with promising pharmaceutical activities, as well as their mediated AgNPs increase these activities. Further research on the exploration of endophytic bacterial metabolites and its mediated nanoparticles will prompt the discovery of novel bioactive compounds.",

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author = "Fawad Hayat and Salem, \{Salem S.\} and Khan, \{Sumera Afzal\} and Muddasir Khan and Zahoor Khan and Ho-Youn Kim and Abdul Qadeer and Alzahrani, \{Khalid J.\} and Alzahrani, \{Fuad M.\} and Muhammad Hamayun",

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AU - Hayat, Fawad

AU - Khan, Sumera Afzal

AU - Khan, Muddasir

AU - Khan, Zahoor

AU - Kim, Ho-Youn

AU - Qadeer, Abdul

AU - Alzahrani, Khalid J.

AU - Alzahrani, Fuad M.

AU - Hamayun, Muhammad

A2 - Salem, Salem S.

N1 - Publisher Copyright: © 2025 Hayat et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

PY - 2025/5/7

Y1 - 2025/5/7

N2 - Endophytic microbes offer frequent contributions to the identification of novel biologically active compounds. The current study aimed to isolate untapped Olea europaea-associated Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and to explore their bioactive secondary metabolites as well as its mediated silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). B. amyloliquefaciens analysis revealed the existence of 23 compounds in metabolite extract by using Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. AgNPs were synthesized by using metabolite extract and confirmed by using UV-Vis spectrophotometry, Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS), and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). B. amyloliquefaciens metabolite extract displays a high inhibition zone (19mm) against Morganella morganii and Escherichia coli, while AgNPs exhibit high inhibition zone (22mm) against M. morganii. The extract shows 64.8% and AgNPs display 99.8% antioxidant activity in 5mg/mL concentration. In analgesic effect, after 90 minutes at 100mg/mL concentration, the extract shows a mean latency time of 17 seconds while AgNPs show 19 seconds, respectively. In conclusion, B. amyloliquefaciens metabolite extract and AgNPs exhibited significant antibacterial, antioxidant, and analgesic activities in various concentrations while comparatively AgNPs displayed higher bioactive potential. Endophytic bacteria associated with O. europaea have diverse bioactive metabolites with promising pharmaceutical activities, as well as their mediated AgNPs increase these activities. Further research on the exploration of endophytic bacterial metabolites and its mediated nanoparticles will prompt the discovery of novel bioactive compounds.

AB - Endophytic microbes offer frequent contributions to the identification of novel biologically active compounds. The current study aimed to isolate untapped Olea europaea-associated Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and to explore their bioactive secondary metabolites as well as its mediated silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). B. amyloliquefaciens analysis revealed the existence of 23 compounds in metabolite extract by using Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. AgNPs were synthesized by using metabolite extract and confirmed by using UV-Vis spectrophotometry, Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS), and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). B. amyloliquefaciens metabolite extract displays a high inhibition zone (19mm) against Morganella morganii and Escherichia coli, while AgNPs exhibit high inhibition zone (22mm) against M. morganii. The extract shows 64.8% and AgNPs display 99.8% antioxidant activity in 5mg/mL concentration. In analgesic effect, after 90 minutes at 100mg/mL concentration, the extract shows a mean latency time of 17 seconds while AgNPs show 19 seconds, respectively. In conclusion, B. amyloliquefaciens metabolite extract and AgNPs exhibited significant antibacterial, antioxidant, and analgesic activities in various concentrations while comparatively AgNPs displayed higher bioactive potential. Endophytic bacteria associated with O. europaea have diverse bioactive metabolites with promising pharmaceutical activities, as well as their mediated AgNPs increase these activities. Further research on the exploration of endophytic bacterial metabolites and its mediated nanoparticles will prompt the discovery of novel bioactive compounds.

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KW - Antioxidants/pharmacology

KW - Bacillus amyloliquefaciens/metabolism

KW - Endophytes/metabolism

KW - Escherichia coli/drug effects

KW - Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry

KW - Metal Nanoparticles/chemistry

KW - Microbial Sensitivity Tests

KW - Secondary Metabolism

KW - Silver/chemistry

KW - Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared

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DO - 10.1371/journal.pone.0321134

M3 - Article

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SN - 1932-6203

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JO - PLoS One

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ER -

Biological activity of silver nanoparticles synthesized from untapped secondary metabolites of Olea europea endophytic Bacillus amyloliquefaciens

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Data Access Statement

Funding

Keywords

UN SDGs

Access to Document

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