Bioinspired Nanomaterials for Improving Sensing and Imaging Spectroscopy

Inorganic nanomaterials with outstanding physical and chemical properties can be used as containers for viral-based nanoparticles. The integration of nanomaterials into the internal cavity of viruses has opened several prospects in the field of biology and medicine for imaging applications. Inorganic nanoparticles (NPs) encapsulation in virus particles can achieve nanoprobe-labeling of viruses and preserve the first exterior surface properties of viral capsid simultaneously. Besides, viruses are distinguished from conventional nanocarriers used for drug delivery by their strong durability, their quickly changed surface, and immense variety in shape and size. Besides, several herbal and bacterial viruses (e.g., phages) were studied and added as drug carriers. The summary of this chapter describes the latest developments and applications of bionanomaterials and the processes of drug developments and drug delivery mechanisms and discusses, along with the identified difficulties and advantages, the present state of bionanomaterials of clinical science. Multifunctional, nanoscaled materials for developments in fields of drug delivery, diagnosis, biosensing, and bioengineering have been reviewed in this relation.