Arterial blood sampling practices: A survey of intensive care nurses practices'

Background:
Drawing arterial blood samples (ABS) is a vital and component of the nursing and medical management of patients in intensive care units (ICU’S) as ABS’s are necessary for diagnostic investigations on this cohort of patients. Research has shown that this practice may contribute to the development of iatrogenic anaemia. Several strategies have been identified to ensure blood loss from ABS is kept to a minimum; however, further research in other countries has demonstrated that these strategies are not always implemented.
Aim and objectives:
The aim of the study was to ascertain intensive care nurses’ current arterial blood sampling practices and reported utilisation of blood conservation measures in five major academic teaching hospitals in the Republic of Ireland.
Methodology:
A quantitative descriptive exploratory survey design was utilised to collect data from ICU nurses. Ethical approval and permission was obtained from the academic institution and hospital ethics committees as required. Data was collected utilising an adapted self-administered questionnaire from all qualified staff who met the inclusion criteria (N=320), with a response rate of (n=248) 77%. Data was analysed using SPSS Version 14.
Findings:
The study found that 93% of respondents made all decisions on when to take arterial blood samples. The rationale for taking arterial blood samples related to the patient’s medical condition. Variations were evident in the volumes of blood that were use to clear the arterial lines. Some respondents were unaware of some of the strategies that can be utilised in minimising blood loss. 67% (n=165) were aware of the guidelines in their unit. These were no relationship between years of experience, educational qualification and practice.
Recommendations:
Recommendations include implementing all relevant strategies to minimise blood lose, heightening awareness of blood loss in this cohort of patients and continuing education.