Anionic Fluorine and Cationic Niobium Codoped Tin Oxide Thin Films as Transparent Conducting Electrodes for Optoelectronic Applications

Reddivari Muniramaiah; Nandarapu Purushotham Reddy; Rompivalasa Santhosh; Gouranga Maharana; Jean Maria Fernandes; Dilli Padmanaban; Manavalan Kovendhan; Ganapathy Veerappan; Gangalakurti Laxminarayana; Murali Banavoth; D. Paul Joseph

doi:10.1002/pssa.202200703

Anionic Fluorine and Cationic Niobium Codoped Tin Oxide Thin Films as Transparent Conducting Electrodes for Optoelectronic Applications

Reddivari Muniramaiah, Nandarapu Purushotham Reddy, Rompivalasa Santhosh, Gouranga Maharana, Jean Maria Fernandes, Dilli Padmanaban, Manavalan Kovendhan, Ganapathy Veerappan, Gangalakurti Laxminarayana, Murali Banavoth, D. Paul Joseph

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Abstract

Exploration of alternatives for supplementing indium tin oxide electrode is currently trending due to scarcity of indium, leading to a steep increase in the cost of related optoelectronic components. Codoping of niobium (Nb) and fluorine (F) into SnO₂ lattice as cationic and anionic dopants, respectively, is explored by spray deposition technique. A fixed 10 wt% F and varying Nb concentration from 0 to 5 wt% is incorporated into the SnO₂ lattice. X-ray diffraction reveals substitution of Nb and F into the SnO₂ lattice without altering the structure. Optical transmittance is found to increase with Nb content up to 4% of Nb (77.59%), and it decreases thereafter. Scanning electron microscope and optical profiler imply a relatively smooth surface with sharp-tipped particles which vary with Nb concentration. Sheet resistance decreases up to 3 wt% of Nb doping and increases thereafter. Contact angle measurement indicates that upon doping with Nb, the films turn hydrophilic. Among the deposited films, 4 wt% of Nb-doped film shows the highest figure of merit of 5.01 × 10⁻³ Ω⁻¹. The surface work function of the 4 wt% Nb-doped SnO₂film is 4,687.85 meV. The optimal films are tested as electrodes in dye-sensitized solar cells and are discussed in detail.

Original language	English
Article number	2200703
Pages (from-to)	1-14
Number of pages	14
Journal	Physica Status Solidi (A) Applications and Materials Science
Volume	220
Issue number	14
Early online date	20 May 2023
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1002/pssa.202200703
Publication status	Published online - 20 May 2023

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
The RSG‐2014 funding from NITW for procuring the custom‐made spray pyrolysis unit is acknowledged. The author R.M. thanks Mr. Vishesh Manjunath, Dept. of Metallurgy Engineering and Materials Science, IIT Indore, for his support. The author R.S. thanks the School of Chemistry, Univ. of Hyderabad, for device fabrication facilities, and also the CSIR (Award No: 09/414(1185)/2019‐EMR‐I) for funding. The authors thank Prof. Davide Mariotti, Ulster Univ. UK for KP measurements with assistance from EPSRC award EP/R008841/1.

Funding Information:
The RSG-2014 funding from NITW for procuring the custom-made spray pyrolysis unit is acknowledged. The author R.M. thanks Mr. Vishesh Manjunath, Dept. of Metallurgy Engineering and Materials Science, IIT Indore, for his support. The author R.S. thanks the School of Chemistry, Univ. of Hyderabad, for device fabrication facilities, and also the CSIR (Award No: 09/414(1185)/2019-EMR-I) for funding. The authors thank Prof. Davide Mariotti, Ulster Univ. UK for KP measurements with assistance from EPSRC award EP/R008841/1.

Publisher Copyright:
© 2023 Wiley-VCH GmbH.

Keywords

codoping
dye-sensitized solar cell.
fluorine
niobium
spray pyrolysis
tin oxide
transparent conducting oxide electrode

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

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Muniramaiah, R., Reddy, N. P., Santhosh, R., Maharana, G., Fernandes, J. M., Padmanaban, D., Kovendhan, M., Veerappan, G., Laxminarayana, G., Banavoth, M., & Joseph, D. P. (2023). Anionic Fluorine and Cationic Niobium Codoped Tin Oxide Thin Films as Transparent Conducting Electrodes for Optoelectronic Applications. Physica Status Solidi (A) Applications and Materials Science, 220(14), 1-14. Article 2200703. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1002/pssa.202200703

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title = "Anionic Fluorine and Cationic Niobium Codoped Tin Oxide Thin Films as Transparent Conducting Electrodes for Optoelectronic Applications",

abstract = "Exploration of alternatives for supplementing indium tin oxide electrode is currently trending due to scarcity of indium, leading to a steep increase in the cost of related optoelectronic components. Codoping of niobium (Nb) and fluorine (F) into SnO2 lattice as cationic and anionic dopants, respectively, is explored by spray deposition technique. A fixed 10 wt% F and varying Nb concentration from 0 to 5 wt% is incorporated into the SnO2 lattice. X-ray diffraction reveals substitution of Nb and F into the SnO2 lattice without altering the structure. Optical transmittance is found to increase with Nb content up to 4% of Nb (77.59%), and it decreases thereafter. Scanning electron microscope and optical profiler imply a relatively smooth surface with sharp-tipped particles which vary with Nb concentration. Sheet resistance decreases up to 3 wt% of Nb doping and increases thereafter. Contact angle measurement indicates that upon doping with Nb, the films turn hydrophilic. Among the deposited films, 4 wt% of Nb-doped film shows the highest figure of merit of 5.01 × 10−3 Ω−1. The surface work function of the 4 wt% Nb-doped SnO2 film is 4,687.85 meV. The optimal films are tested as electrodes in dye-sensitized solar cells and are discussed in detail.",

keywords = "codoping, dye-sensitized solar cell., fluorine, niobium, spray pyrolysis, tin oxide, transparent conducting oxide electrode",

author = "Reddivari Muniramaiah and Reddy, {Nandarapu Purushotham} and Rompivalasa Santhosh and Gouranga Maharana and Fernandes, {Jean Maria} and Dilli Padmanaban and Manavalan Kovendhan and Ganapathy Veerappan and Gangalakurti Laxminarayana and Murali Banavoth and Joseph, {D. Paul}",

note = "Funding Information: The RSG‐2014 funding from NITW for procuring the custom‐made spray pyrolysis unit is acknowledged. The author R.M. thanks Mr. Vishesh Manjunath, Dept. of Metallurgy Engineering and Materials Science, IIT Indore, for his support. The author R.S. thanks the School of Chemistry, Univ. of Hyderabad, for device fabrication facilities, and also the CSIR (Award No: 09/414(1185)/2019‐EMR‐I) for funding. The authors thank Prof. Davide Mariotti, Ulster Univ. UK for KP measurements with assistance from EPSRC award EP/R008841/1. Funding Information: The RSG-2014 funding from NITW for procuring the custom-made spray pyrolysis unit is acknowledged. The author R.M. thanks Mr. Vishesh Manjunath, Dept. of Metallurgy Engineering and Materials Science, IIT Indore, for his support. The author R.S. thanks the School of Chemistry, Univ. of Hyderabad, for device fabrication facilities, and also the CSIR (Award No: 09/414(1185)/2019-EMR-I) for funding. The authors thank Prof. Davide Mariotti, Ulster Univ. UK for KP measurements with assistance from EPSRC award EP/R008841/1. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2023 Wiley-VCH GmbH.",

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month = may,

day = "20",

doi = "10.1002/pssa.202200703",

language = "English",

volume = "220",

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Muniramaiah, R, Reddy, NP, Santhosh, R, Maharana, G, Fernandes, JM, Padmanaban, D, Kovendhan, M, Veerappan, G, Laxminarayana, G, Banavoth, M & Joseph, DP 2023, 'Anionic Fluorine and Cationic Niobium Codoped Tin Oxide Thin Films as Transparent Conducting Electrodes for Optoelectronic Applications', Physica Status Solidi (A) Applications and Materials Science, vol. 220, no. 14, 2200703, pp. 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1002/pssa.202200703

Anionic Fluorine and Cationic Niobium Codoped Tin Oxide Thin Films as Transparent Conducting Electrodes for Optoelectronic Applications. / Muniramaiah, Reddivari; Reddy, Nandarapu Purushotham; Santhosh, Rompivalasa et al.
In: Physica Status Solidi (A) Applications and Materials Science, Vol. 220, No. 14, 2200703, 20.05.2023, p. 1-14.

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

TY - JOUR

T1 - Anionic Fluorine and Cationic Niobium Codoped Tin Oxide Thin Films as Transparent Conducting Electrodes for Optoelectronic Applications

AU - Muniramaiah, Reddivari

AU - Reddy, Nandarapu Purushotham

AU - Santhosh, Rompivalasa

AU - Maharana, Gouranga

AU - Fernandes, Jean Maria

AU - Padmanaban, Dilli

AU - Kovendhan, Manavalan

AU - Veerappan, Ganapathy

AU - Laxminarayana, Gangalakurti

AU - Banavoth, Murali

AU - Joseph, D. Paul

N1 - Funding Information: The RSG‐2014 funding from NITW for procuring the custom‐made spray pyrolysis unit is acknowledged. The author R.M. thanks Mr. Vishesh Manjunath, Dept. of Metallurgy Engineering and Materials Science, IIT Indore, for his support. The author R.S. thanks the School of Chemistry, Univ. of Hyderabad, for device fabrication facilities, and also the CSIR (Award No: 09/414(1185)/2019‐EMR‐I) for funding. The authors thank Prof. Davide Mariotti, Ulster Univ. UK for KP measurements with assistance from EPSRC award EP/R008841/1. Funding Information: The RSG-2014 funding from NITW for procuring the custom-made spray pyrolysis unit is acknowledged. The author R.M. thanks Mr. Vishesh Manjunath, Dept. of Metallurgy Engineering and Materials Science, IIT Indore, for his support. The author R.S. thanks the School of Chemistry, Univ. of Hyderabad, for device fabrication facilities, and also the CSIR (Award No: 09/414(1185)/2019-EMR-I) for funding. The authors thank Prof. Davide Mariotti, Ulster Univ. UK for KP measurements with assistance from EPSRC award EP/R008841/1. Publisher Copyright: © 2023 Wiley-VCH GmbH.

PY - 2023/5/20

Y1 - 2023/5/20

N2 - Exploration of alternatives for supplementing indium tin oxide electrode is currently trending due to scarcity of indium, leading to a steep increase in the cost of related optoelectronic components. Codoping of niobium (Nb) and fluorine (F) into SnO2 lattice as cationic and anionic dopants, respectively, is explored by spray deposition technique. A fixed 10 wt% F and varying Nb concentration from 0 to 5 wt% is incorporated into the SnO2 lattice. X-ray diffraction reveals substitution of Nb and F into the SnO2 lattice without altering the structure. Optical transmittance is found to increase with Nb content up to 4% of Nb (77.59%), and it decreases thereafter. Scanning electron microscope and optical profiler imply a relatively smooth surface with sharp-tipped particles which vary with Nb concentration. Sheet resistance decreases up to 3 wt% of Nb doping and increases thereafter. Contact angle measurement indicates that upon doping with Nb, the films turn hydrophilic. Among the deposited films, 4 wt% of Nb-doped film shows the highest figure of merit of 5.01 × 10−3 Ω−1. The surface work function of the 4 wt% Nb-doped SnO2 film is 4,687.85 meV. The optimal films are tested as electrodes in dye-sensitized solar cells and are discussed in detail.

AB - Exploration of alternatives for supplementing indium tin oxide electrode is currently trending due to scarcity of indium, leading to a steep increase in the cost of related optoelectronic components. Codoping of niobium (Nb) and fluorine (F) into SnO2 lattice as cationic and anionic dopants, respectively, is explored by spray deposition technique. A fixed 10 wt% F and varying Nb concentration from 0 to 5 wt% is incorporated into the SnO2 lattice. X-ray diffraction reveals substitution of Nb and F into the SnO2 lattice without altering the structure. Optical transmittance is found to increase with Nb content up to 4% of Nb (77.59%), and it decreases thereafter. Scanning electron microscope and optical profiler imply a relatively smooth surface with sharp-tipped particles which vary with Nb concentration. Sheet resistance decreases up to 3 wt% of Nb doping and increases thereafter. Contact angle measurement indicates that upon doping with Nb, the films turn hydrophilic. Among the deposited films, 4 wt% of Nb-doped film shows the highest figure of merit of 5.01 × 10−3 Ω−1. The surface work function of the 4 wt% Nb-doped SnO2 film is 4,687.85 meV. The optimal films are tested as electrodes in dye-sensitized solar cells and are discussed in detail.

KW - codoping

KW - dye-sensitized solar cell.

KW - fluorine

KW - niobium

KW - spray pyrolysis

KW - tin oxide

KW - transparent conducting oxide electrode

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DO - 10.1002/pssa.202200703

M3 - Article

SN - 1862-6300

VL - 220

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EP - 14

JO - Physica Status Solidi (A) Applications and Materials Science

JF - Physica Status Solidi (A) Applications and Materials Science

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M1 - 2200703

ER -

Anionic Fluorine and Cationic Niobium Codoped Tin Oxide Thin Films as Transparent Conducting Electrodes for Optoelectronic Applications

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Keywords

UN SDGs

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