TY - JOUR
T1 - A synthesis of pathways linking diet, metabolic risk and cardiovascular disease: a framework to guide further research and approaches to evidence-based practice
AU - Lima do Vale, Marjorie
AU - Buckner, Luke
AU - Mitrofan, Claudia Gabriela
AU - Raulino Tramontt, Claudia
AU - Kargbo, Sento Kai
AU - Khalid, Ali
AU - Ashraf, Sammyia
AU - Mouti, Saad
AU - Dai, Xiaowu
AU - Unwin, David
AU - Bohn, Jeffrey
AU - Goldberg, Lisa
AU - Golubic, Rajna
AU - Ray, Sumantra
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© The Author(s) 2021.
PY - 2021/11/29
Y1 - 2021/11/29
N2 - Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the most common non-communicable disease occurring globally. Although previous literature have provided useful insights on the important role that diet play in CVD prevention and treatment, understanding the causal role of diets is a difficult task considering inherent and introduced weaknesses of observational (e.g., not properly addressing confounders and mediators) and experimental research designs (e.g., not appropriate or well-designed). In this narrative review, we organised current evidence linking diet, as well as conventional and emerging physiological risk factors with CVD risk, incidence and mortality in a series of diagrams. The diagrams presented can aid causal inference studies as they provide a visual representation of the types of studies underlying the associations between potential risk markers/factors for CVD. This may facilitate the selection of variables to be considered and the creation of analytical models. Evidence depicted in the diagrams was systematically collected from studies included in the British Nutrition Task Force report on Diet and CVD and database searches, including Medline and Embase. Although several markers and disorders linked to conventional and emerging risk factors for CVD were identified, the causal link between many remains unknown. There is a need to address the multifactorial nature of CVD and the complex interplay between conventional and emerging risk factors with natural and built environments, while bringing the life course and the role of additional environmental factors into the spotlight.
AB - Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the most common non-communicable disease occurring globally. Although previous literature have provided useful insights on the important role that diet play in CVD prevention and treatment, understanding the causal role of diets is a difficult task considering inherent and introduced weaknesses of observational (e.g., not properly addressing confounders and mediators) and experimental research designs (e.g., not appropriate or well-designed). In this narrative review, we organised current evidence linking diet, as well as conventional and emerging physiological risk factors with CVD risk, incidence and mortality in a series of diagrams. The diagrams presented can aid causal inference studies as they provide a visual representation of the types of studies underlying the associations between potential risk markers/factors for CVD. This may facilitate the selection of variables to be considered and the creation of analytical models. Evidence depicted in the diagrams was systematically collected from studies included in the British Nutrition Task Force report on Diet and CVD and database searches, including Medline and Embase. Although several markers and disorders linked to conventional and emerging risk factors for CVD were identified, the causal link between many remains unknown. There is a need to address the multifactorial nature of CVD and the complex interplay between conventional and emerging risk factors with natural and built environments, while bringing the life course and the role of additional environmental factors into the spotlight.
KW - Diet
KW - Risk factors
KW - Causality
KW - Cardiovascular disease
KW - Review
KW - Nutritional status
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85120571610&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1017/S0954422421000378
DO - 10.1017/S0954422421000378
M3 - Review article
C2 - 34839838
SN - 0954-4224
SP - 1
EP - 72
JO - Nutrition Research Reviews
JF - Nutrition Research Reviews
ER -