A review on behavior, material properties and finite element simulation of concrete tunnel linings under fire

Zobaer Saleheen; Renga Rao Krishbamoorthy; A Nadjai

doi:10.1016/j.tust.2022.104534

A review on behavior, material properties and finite element simulation of concrete tunnel linings under fire

Zobaer Saleheen
, Renga Rao Krishbamoorthy
, A Nadjai

Universiti Teknologi MARA

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

36 Citations (Scopus)

243 Downloads (Pure)

Abstract

Rigorous understanding of tunnel fire attributes and behavior of concrete at elevated temperatures are indispensable for conducting a numerical simulation of tunnel linings exposed to fire. One of the main feats of tunnel fires is, unlike cellulose fires, temperature of these fires quickly ascends to its zenith, which is higher than conventional cellulose fire temperature. Higher peak temperature in conjunction with rapid heating rate causes spalling in the tunnel linings, which is triggered by excess vapor pressure in concrete pores generated from evaporation of moisture in concrete. Apart from vaporization of moisture, multiple simultaneous physiochemical processes (dehydration/hydration, desorption/sorption, α-β transformation of quartz, decarbonation) take place in concrete when it gets heated. Modelling of a tunnel fire using a commercial finite element tool without taking into account of these physiochemical processes and latent energy associated with the phase changes will result in inaccurate prediction of the results. Thus, the behavior of concrete tunnel liners in extreme fire conditions and relevant material parameters required for numerical simulation are presented in this paper.

Original language	English
Article number	104534
Pages (from-to)	1-9
Number of pages	9
Journal	Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology incorporating Trenchless Technology Research
Volume	126
Early online date	2 May 2022
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2022.104534
Publication status	Published (in print/issue) - 31 Aug 2022

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
Meanwhile other countries started developing their own standard fire curves. In 1979, after a devastating accidental fire in the Velsar tunnel, TNO center of Fire Safety of Netherlands ( TNO, 1998 ) proposed the RWS (Rijkswaterstatt) fire curve which simulates the burning of a 50 m 3 petrol tanker of 300 MW fire for two hours. The RWS curve was initially proposed on the Dutch experience of tunnel fires which was supported by the full scale fire tests conducted in Sweden’s Runehamar tunnel under UPTUN project of European Commission ( EFNARC, 2006; Jong, 2020; Lönnermark, 2005 ). RWS curve is by far the most extreme fire curve being used, where the temperature quickly ascends to 1200 °C and reaches up to 1350 °C at 60 min within 120 min of total fire exposure.

Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 Elsevier Ltd

Funding

Funding Information: Meanwhile other countries started developing their own standard fire curves. In 1979, after a devastating accidental fire in the Velsar tunnel, TNO center of Fire Safety of Netherlands ( TNO, 1998 ) proposed the RWS (Rijkswaterstatt) fire curve which simulates the burning of a 50 m 3 petrol tanker of 300 MW fire for two hours. The RWS curve was initially proposed on the Dutch experience of tunnel fires which was supported by the full scale fire tests conducted in Sweden’s Runehamar tunnel under UPTUN project of European Commission ( EFNARC, 2006; Jong, 2020; Lönnermark, 2005 ). RWS curve is by far the most extreme fire curve being used, where the temperature quickly ascends to 1200 °C and reaches up to 1350 °C at 60 min within 120 min of total fire exposure. Publisher Copyright: © 2022 Elsevier Ltd

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

SDG 9 Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure

Keywords

Behavior of concrete at elevated temperature
Fire curves
Mechanical properties
Numerical simulations of tunnel fire
Thermal properties
Tunnel fire

Access to Document

10.1016/j.tust.2022.104534

Revised Manuscript of Review paper (Clean Version)Author Accepted Manuscript, 651 KBLicence: CC BY-NC-ND

Cite this

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abstract = "Rigorous understanding of tunnel fire attributes and behavior of concrete at elevated temperatures are indispensable for conducting a numerical simulation of tunnel linings exposed to fire. One of the main feats of tunnel fires is, unlike cellulose fires, temperature of these fires quickly ascends to its zenith, which is higher than conventional cellulose fire temperature. Higher peak temperature in conjunction with rapid heating rate causes spalling in the tunnel linings, which is triggered by excess vapor pressure in concrete pores generated from evaporation of moisture in concrete. Apart from vaporization of moisture, multiple simultaneous physiochemical processes (dehydration/hydration, desorption/sorption, α-β transformation of quartz, decarbonation) take place in concrete when it gets heated. Modelling of a tunnel fire using a commercial finite element tool without taking into account of these physiochemical processes and latent energy associated with the phase changes will result in inaccurate prediction of the results. Thus, the behavior of concrete tunnel liners in extreme fire conditions and relevant material parameters required for numerical simulation are presented in this paper.",

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note = "Funding Information: Meanwhile other countries started developing their own standard fire curves. In 1979, after a devastating accidental fire in the Velsar tunnel, TNO center of Fire Safety of Netherlands ( TNO, 1998 ) proposed the RWS (Rijkswaterstatt) fire curve which simulates the burning of a 50 m 3 petrol tanker of 300 MW fire for two hours. The RWS curve was initially proposed on the Dutch experience of tunnel fires which was supported by the full scale fire tests conducted in Sweden{\textquoteright}s Runehamar tunnel under UPTUN project of European Commission ( EFNARC, 2006; Jong, 2020; L{\"o}nnermark, 2005 ). RWS curve is by far the most extreme fire curve being used, where the temperature quickly ascends to 1200 °C and reaches up to 1350 °C at 60 min within 120 min of total fire exposure. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2022 Elsevier Ltd",

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N2 - Rigorous understanding of tunnel fire attributes and behavior of concrete at elevated temperatures are indispensable for conducting a numerical simulation of tunnel linings exposed to fire. One of the main feats of tunnel fires is, unlike cellulose fires, temperature of these fires quickly ascends to its zenith, which is higher than conventional cellulose fire temperature. Higher peak temperature in conjunction with rapid heating rate causes spalling in the tunnel linings, which is triggered by excess vapor pressure in concrete pores generated from evaporation of moisture in concrete. Apart from vaporization of moisture, multiple simultaneous physiochemical processes (dehydration/hydration, desorption/sorption, α-β transformation of quartz, decarbonation) take place in concrete when it gets heated. Modelling of a tunnel fire using a commercial finite element tool without taking into account of these physiochemical processes and latent energy associated with the phase changes will result in inaccurate prediction of the results. Thus, the behavior of concrete tunnel liners in extreme fire conditions and relevant material parameters required for numerical simulation are presented in this paper.

AB - Rigorous understanding of tunnel fire attributes and behavior of concrete at elevated temperatures are indispensable for conducting a numerical simulation of tunnel linings exposed to fire. One of the main feats of tunnel fires is, unlike cellulose fires, temperature of these fires quickly ascends to its zenith, which is higher than conventional cellulose fire temperature. Higher peak temperature in conjunction with rapid heating rate causes spalling in the tunnel linings, which is triggered by excess vapor pressure in concrete pores generated from evaporation of moisture in concrete. Apart from vaporization of moisture, multiple simultaneous physiochemical processes (dehydration/hydration, desorption/sorption, α-β transformation of quartz, decarbonation) take place in concrete when it gets heated. Modelling of a tunnel fire using a commercial finite element tool without taking into account of these physiochemical processes and latent energy associated with the phase changes will result in inaccurate prediction of the results. Thus, the behavior of concrete tunnel liners in extreme fire conditions and relevant material parameters required for numerical simulation are presented in this paper.

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ER -

A review on behavior, material properties and finite element simulation of concrete tunnel linings under fire

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Funding

UN SDGs

Keywords

Access to Document

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