A comprehensive review on liquid hydrogen transfer operations and safety considerations for mobile applications

A. Schiaroli; L. Claussner; A. Campari; D. Cirrone; B. Linseisen; A. Friedrich; E. L. Torres de Ritter; M. Kuznetsov; F. Ustolin

doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.12.266

A comprehensive review on liquid hydrogen transfer operations and safety considerations for mobile applications

A. Schiaroli
, L. Claussner
, A. Campari
, D. Cirrone
, B. Linseisen
, A. Friedrich
, E. L. Torres de Ritter
, M. Kuznetsov
, F. Ustolin

Research output: Contribution to journal › Review article › peer-review

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Abstract

The adoption of liquid hydrogen (LH2) as an energy carrier presents significant opportunities for distributing large quantities of hydrogen efficiently. However, ensuring safety of LH2 transfer operations requires the evolution of suitable technologies and regulatory framework. This study offers an extensive overview of technical considerations and safety aspects pertaining to liquid hydrogen installations and mobile applications. A significant lack of regulations specifically tailored for LH2 transfer operations is highlighted. Additionally, experimental findings and outcomes of the modelling activities carried out in previous research are presented, shedding light on the combustion and ignition behaviour of liquid hydrogen during accident scenarios. The identification of research gaps and ongoing research projects underscores the importance of continued investigation and development of this critical area.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	164-182
Number of pages	19
Journal	International Journal of Hydrogen Energy
Volume	107
Early online date	10 Jan 2025
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.12.266
Publication status	Published (in print/issue) - 31 Mar 2025

Bibliographical note

This work was undertaken as part of the ELVHYS project No. 101101381 supported by the Clean Hydrogen Partnership and its members and the European Union. UK participants in Horizon Europe Project ELVHYS are supported by UKRI grant numbers 10063519 (University of Ulster) and 10070592 (Health and Safety Executive). Funded by the European Union. Views and opinions expressed are however those of the author(s) only and do not necessarily reflect those of the European Union or Clean Hydrogen JU. Neither the European Union nor the granting authority can be held responsible for them.

Funding

Funders	Funder number
European Commission
10070592
HORIZON EUROPE Framework Programme	159, 101101381, 2021–2024, 101007226, 101056940
HORIZON EUROPE Framework Programme
10063519
826247

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

SDG 7 Affordable and Clean Energy

Keywords

Hydrogen safety
Liquid hydrogen
Liquid hydrogen transfer operations
Mobile applications
Standards

Access to Document

10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.12.266

1-s2.0-S0360319924054739-mainFinal published version, 5.5 MBLicence: CC BY

Cite this

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title = "A comprehensive review on liquid hydrogen transfer operations and safety considerations for mobile applications",

abstract = "The adoption of liquid hydrogen (LH2) as an energy carrier presents significant opportunities for distributing large quantities of hydrogen efficiently. However, ensuring safety of LH2 transfer operations requires the evolution of suitable technologies and regulatory framework. This study offers an extensive overview of technical considerations and safety aspects pertaining to liquid hydrogen installations and mobile applications. A significant lack of regulations specifically tailored for LH2 transfer operations is highlighted. Additionally, experimental findings and outcomes of the modelling activities carried out in previous research are presented, shedding light on the combustion and ignition behaviour of liquid hydrogen during accident scenarios. The identification of research gaps and ongoing research projects underscores the importance of continued investigation and development of this critical area.",

keywords = "Hydrogen safety, Liquid hydrogen, Liquid hydrogen transfer operations, Mobile applications, Standards",

author = "A. Schiaroli and L. Claussner and A. Campari and D. Cirrone and B. Linseisen and A. Friedrich and \{Torres de Ritter\}, \{E. L.\} and M. Kuznetsov and F. Ustolin",

note = "This work was undertaken as part of the ELVHYS project No. 101101381 supported by the Clean Hydrogen Partnership and its members and the European Union. UK participants in Horizon Europe Project ELVHYS are supported by UKRI grant numbers 10063519 (University of Ulster) and 10070592 (Health and Safety Executive). Funded by the European Union. Views and opinions expressed are however those of the author(s) only and do not necessarily reflect those of the European Union or Clean Hydrogen JU. Neither the European Union nor the granting authority can be held responsible for them.",

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AU - Claussner, L.

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AU - Cirrone, D.

AU - Linseisen, B.

AU - Friedrich, A.

AU - Torres de Ritter, E. L.

AU - Kuznetsov, M.

AU - Ustolin, F.

N1 - This work was undertaken as part of the ELVHYS project No. 101101381 supported by the Clean Hydrogen Partnership and its members and the European Union. UK participants in Horizon Europe Project ELVHYS are supported by UKRI grant numbers 10063519 (University of Ulster) and 10070592 (Health and Safety Executive). Funded by the European Union. Views and opinions expressed are however those of the author(s) only and do not necessarily reflect those of the European Union or Clean Hydrogen JU. Neither the European Union nor the granting authority can be held responsible for them.

PY - 2025/3/31

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N2 - The adoption of liquid hydrogen (LH2) as an energy carrier presents significant opportunities for distributing large quantities of hydrogen efficiently. However, ensuring safety of LH2 transfer operations requires the evolution of suitable technologies and regulatory framework. This study offers an extensive overview of technical considerations and safety aspects pertaining to liquid hydrogen installations and mobile applications. A significant lack of regulations specifically tailored for LH2 transfer operations is highlighted. Additionally, experimental findings and outcomes of the modelling activities carried out in previous research are presented, shedding light on the combustion and ignition behaviour of liquid hydrogen during accident scenarios. The identification of research gaps and ongoing research projects underscores the importance of continued investigation and development of this critical area.

AB - The adoption of liquid hydrogen (LH2) as an energy carrier presents significant opportunities for distributing large quantities of hydrogen efficiently. However, ensuring safety of LH2 transfer operations requires the evolution of suitable technologies and regulatory framework. This study offers an extensive overview of technical considerations and safety aspects pertaining to liquid hydrogen installations and mobile applications. A significant lack of regulations specifically tailored for LH2 transfer operations is highlighted. Additionally, experimental findings and outcomes of the modelling activities carried out in previous research are presented, shedding light on the combustion and ignition behaviour of liquid hydrogen during accident scenarios. The identification of research gaps and ongoing research projects underscores the importance of continued investigation and development of this critical area.

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KW - Liquid hydrogen transfer operations

KW - Mobile applications

KW - Standards

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SN - 0360-3199

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JO - International Journal of Hydrogen Energy

JF - International Journal of Hydrogen Energy

ER -

A comprehensive review on liquid hydrogen transfer operations and safety considerations for mobile applications

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Funding

UN SDGs

Keywords

Access to Document

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Cite this