Δ1: An Automated Theorem Generator

Yang Xu, Hailin Guo, Shuwei Chen, Jun Liu

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

Abstract

This paper introduces Δ1, a novel automated theorem generator for propositional and first-order logic that operates without a traditional built-in theorem prover. Unlike conventional approaches that focus on proving the validity of existing statements, Δ1 innovates by creating new, provably correct theorems based on the full triangular standard contradiction, a unique principle and structure ensuring that all generated theorems are inherently sound, eliminating the need for time-consuming re-verification by theorem provers or manual checking. The value of this system is twofold: its guaranteed correctness and its prolific generation capacity. By ensuring the premises are satisfiable, Δ1 produces theorems that are not only true but also logically meaningful. This is a significant leap beyond typical systems that may generate trivial or uninteresting tautologies. The system’s efficiency is demonstrated by its ability to generate a vast number of unique theorems. For n distinct literals in propositional logic or n predicates satisfying specific conditions in first-order logic, Δ1 can automatically produce n! mutually non-equivalent theorems. This exponential growth in output offers a powerful tool for discovering new logical relationships. This approach aligns with the cutting edge of AI, particularly in areas like automated knowledge discovery and explainable AI (XAI). By generating theorems from a foundational, verifiable structure, Δ1 provides a clear and transparent pathway to its conclusions, offering insights into the reasoning process itself. Furthermore, these logical theorems can be interpreted across diverse fields, from natural sciences to social sciences, positions it as a foundational technology for automating scientific discovery and extending the boundaries of computational reasoning. The system’s unique architecture represents a paradigm shift from a reactive “prover” to a proactive “creator” of logical knowledge.
Original languageEnglish
Article number309
Pages (from-to)1-11
Number of pages11
JournalInternational Journal of Computational Intelligence Systems
Volume18
Issue number1
Early online date21 Nov 2025
DOIs
Publication statusPublished online - 21 Nov 2025

Bibliographical note

Publisher Copyright:
© The Author(s) 2025.

Data Access Statement

No datasets were generated or analysed during the current study.

Funding

Thanks are also given to the support of National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 61673320, 61976130)

Keywords

  • Automated theorem generator
  • Theorem discovery
  • Full triangular standard contradiction

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