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Description
Moraines, as the primary glacial landform, represent the most direct evidence of former glaciation: the mapping of these and other landforms allows three-dimensional glacier reconstruction and empirically-based calculations of palaeo-precipitation. Sediments in moraines allow the reconstruction of glacier dynamics and the palaeo-environment. If suitable material is available, typically in the form of stable boulders on moraine crestlines or buried organic material, radiometric dating techniques such as cosmogenic isotope dating can be applied to determine the depositional age of these boulders and, by proxy, the moraine itself. In other settings, the terrestrial evidence of glacier fluctuations provided by moraines can be linked to continuous distal archives provided, for example, by lacustrine sediment records.